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Cottage Life

On the hunt for buried treasure

In the premiere episode of the Cottage Life Podcast Season 3, we’ll listen to an essay about the summer secret that keeps David Macfarlane coming back to the cottage each year. (Hint: it involves buried treasure). Listen here or visit cottagelife.com for access to all of the episodes.

The invitation to Mr. Thomson’s treasure hunt was waiting for us when we arrived at the cottage. We had no idea what to make of it. 

We were not, to put it mildly, cottage types. Our biggest problem was that the rocky island in Georgian Bay where we were spending our first family summer holiday had not exactly been child-proofed. The shoreline fell steeply to deep water. The paths across the island—steering a route between ankle-snapping drops and patches of poison ivy—were a little vague. Certainly, more vague than the downtown sidewalks to which our two young children, ages six and three, were accustomed. 

I was the one who had arranged to rent a cottage in a sleepy inlet, to the north of Parry Sound. My wife was surprised when I told her, but unruffled in the way wives are when they think they can easily undo a husband’s silliness. I had not mentioned the deposit. “What’s it like?” she asked.

I listed its attractions: on an island, no hydro, no running water, no telephone. 

“Have you completely lost your mind?”

And for the first two days, as the rain fell, and as the fire sputtered and smoked, and as we continued to shout impatiently at the children to put on their lifejackets, it appeared as if I had—lost my mind. What had I been thinking? Well, actually, I had been thinking of my childhood summers—of a few magical holidays at a cottage that my parents had rented when I was young. I wanted our children to have the same kind of experience. But after the second day of calamine lotion, damp towels, and Crazy-Eights, I began to think that nostalgia was not an entirely useful tool for the planning of family holidays. 

Everything changed, however, on the third day—the day of Mr. Thomson’s treasure hunt. The sun came out, for one thing. We peered at a view that had been largely shrouded by mist and rain, and realized that we were in an astonishingly beautiful place. By early afternoon, we were heading carefully to Mr. Thomson’s, by canoe. 

Mr. Thomson, a cordial gentleman of about 70, greeted us warmly on his dock. He and his two equally gracious brothers share a lovely old cottage on a windswept point and have summered on the inlet all their lives. In the six summers we have returned since, I have never quite sorted out the complex ties of blood and marriage by which the family is related to almost everyone else in the inlet. 

Mr. Thomson—a man of infinite patience and with the ability to communicate directly and magically with children—explained to the young people how the treasure hunt worked. Most of them already knew: Teams of three or four were each given a compass, a list of bearings, and a quick lesson in orienteering, and, if they followed their readings carefully, they would eventually discover the treasure—a peach pit. This was to be returned to the Thomson’s cottage, and exchanged for candy bars. 

The courses varied in difficulty. The most advanced involved heading off across the water. My wife and I watched with trepidation as our six-year-old daughter waved bravely from the bow of a departing rowboat. “Just untying the apron stings a little,” Mr. Thomson said to my wife. 

Our son was with a much more junior team—pursuing a land-bound course behind the cottage. Mr. Thomson and I followed them and, near the end of their quest, he said something that I still take to be the great secret of summer and which, more than anything, is the reason we return to the inlet year after year.

I had spotted the little cairn of stones where the peach pit was hidden. I had absent-mindedly started moving towards it while the kids were still crouched over their compass. Mr. Thomson placed his hand on my arm, holding me back. “Always,” he said solemnly, “let the children discover the treasure.”

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Cottage Life

Buy the Way: This couple renovated a cabin to set themselves up for retirement

The search: In 1985, Chatham, Ont., couple Don and Yvonne Dreise started buying fixer-uppers to renovate and live in. “We enjoyed doing a project from start to finish,” says Don. “Every couple of years, we’d sell and move to a home that needed more ambitious renovations.”

During summers, Don, a project manager at a multi-trade contractor, and Yvonne, a now-retired BMO customer service representative, would take their three children camping in a pop-up trailer. The family travelled to parks throughout southern Ontario, from Pinery and Sauble Falls to Bon Echo and Algonquin. “We were never interested in getting a cottage because we didn’t want to be tied down to the same place,” says Yvonne. “We wanted to experience something new every year.”

The compromise: In January 2021, the Dreises took a drive to visit Yvonne’s brother in Shrewsbury, Ont., a little community on Lake Erie, 25 minutes south of Chatham. On the way, they came across a beautiful tree-lined street with cottages on the water. One of the cottages, a 640-sq. ft. two-bedroom, caught their eye. The cottage was in terrible condition—it had rotted hardwood floors and a sagging roof with holes in it. To make matters worse, the buildup of frost every winter had dangerously shifted its foundation. “But looking past the necessary repairs, we also saw lots of potential in its location,” says Don.

The cottage was close to Rondeau Provincial Park, and there was a golf course and a zoo nearby—attractive amenities for prospective renters. On the other side of Rondeau Bay, a brewery and several restaurants were a short drive away. Eager for a new project, Don and Yvonne purchased the dilapidated cottage for less than $200,000 in a private sale and began renovations that March. Over four months, they gutted the interior, replaced the roof and stabilized the foundation. Don handled much of the work himself, adding interior panelling and insulation, as well as a 200-sq. ft. deck.

By June 2021, the hard work and about $75,000 in renovations had paid off. In between stays, the couple rented out the cottage: “Our guests became enamoured with it, and so did we,” says Yvonne. “That’s when we started talking about Rondeau Bay being the place where we might retire.”

The silver lining: Last September, the Dreises hosted a group at the cottage to celebrate Yvonne’s 60th birthday. “We had a great time, but we realized the cottage was too small,” says Yvonne.

Don and Yvonne began searching for bigger cottages or empty lots to build on. That fall, they snapped up a vacant lot two blocks away. They recently sold the first cottage to people who had been renting it since October, and they’re using the profits to build a larger cottage on their new lot this summer. But they’re also keeping their options open. “We’re always looking,” says Yvonne. “We just went for a drive one day and ended up falling in love with Rondeau Bay. So who knows what we’ll discover on our next drive?”

Realtor advice: Consider buying a property that doesn’t check all your boxes

Even if a cottage is small or lacks the access you desire, it still has value as an investment, says Doug Peterson, a real estate agent in Belleville, Ont. “You can always sell your property or build equity with it to afford something else.” Peterson adds that buyers should assess what’s most important on their checklist and what might be superfluous. For example, many buyers are simply looking for a place to escape the city and go for a swim or a hike. “You don’t need all the bells and whistles for that,” he says. But most importantly, Peterson recommends purchasing sooner rather than later—with the caveat that buyers shouldn’t overextend themselves to do it. “I’ve seen a lot of buyers get priced out of the market recently,” he says, noting that prices should keep trending upwards for the rest of 2022.

Have you recently purchased a cottage in a unique way? Tell us about it: edit@cottagelife.com

Interested in buying, selling, renting, or dreaming about cottage real estate? Subscribe to our new enewsletter, The Key.

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Cottage Life

Sustainable clothing and accessories for the cottager

Our editorial team independently selects these products. If you choose to buy any, we may earn a commission that helps fund our content. Learn more.

We’re highlighting the top sustainable apparel and accessories that are perfect for sporting this cottage season and beyond. From shoes to accessories to outerwear, we’ve got you covered when it comes to the top sustainable pieces offering the ultimate in both function and fashion. Build a wardrobe with these must-haves that are eco-conscious and fashion-forward.

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Cottage Life

Buy the Way: This family saved money by buying land and building a yurt

The backstory: Toronto couple Brady Del Rosario and Claire Dagenais have always felt at home in a rural setting. While they both grew up in the GTA, Claire, a 37-year-old events and administrative consultant, often stayed at her grandmother’s farm in Bas-Saint-Laurent, Que., while Brady, a 39-year-old architect, was a regular at his grandfather’s trailer in the Ottawa Valley.

After their daughters Gabrielle, 8, and Cosette, 5, were born, Brady and Claire were eager to share similar experiences with them. “We’d go camping most summers, but we wanted a place of our own we could use year-round,” says Claire. In 2019, the family began searching for properties within a three-hour drive of Toronto. Also on their checklist: an acre of land and water access.

The compromise: With a roughly $200,000 budget, the family was priced out of Muskoka and the Kawarthas, where cottages and vacant lots started at almost $400,000. When the pandemic struck, prices soared even higher as demand for recreational properties skyrocketed. The family considered cheaper empty lots—even if they couldn’t afford to build a cottage on one quite yet. “We figured this was our last chance to get our foot in the door,” says Brady. “We decided to buy land so we could eventually build the cottage of our dreams.”

In the spring of 2020, the family booked a few viewings of vacant lots in Marmora, Ont., a small community located nearly two and a half hours east of Toronto. They fell in love with Marmora’s pristine farmland and majestic pine forests. That May, they found a wooded two-acre lot a short drive from town. They bought it for $150,000—slightly under the asking price—the following month. 

The family debated several affordable short-term building options, including bunkies and treehouses. “But then we thought, why not a yurt?” says Claire. In 2019, the family had rented a yurt during
a trip to Pinery Provincial Park in Grand Bend, Ont. They appreciated how a yurt required less upkeep than a cabin and offered more living space and protection from the elements than a tent.

In the summer of 2020, they purchased a DIY kit from Yurta, a company based in Greenwood, Ont. Over the next four months, the family regularly drove up to their property. Claire and the girls cleared branches and rocks off the land, and she and Brady built a deck to serve as the yurt’s foundation. The family assembled the 226-sq. ft. yurt on the deck soon after. That winter, they added a woodstove and stainless-steel chimney. All told, the yurt, deck, building supplies, and furnishings cost around $30,000. “Building the deck was a lot of effort, but working on our yurt together became a special bonding time for us,” says Brady.

The silver lining: Claire and Brady plan on building a permanent cottage within the next 10 years. But for the time being, the family is enjoying the yurt. They have since made the trek there at least once a month. During those visits, Gabrielle and Cosette can be found swinging in hammocks or on birdwatching expeditions in their little neck of the woods. “Our yurt has made us realize we won’t need a showstopping lakeside cottage,” says Claire.

Owner Advice: Is a yurt right for you?

You get a yurt for a fraction of the cost of a cottage
Starting from as low as $11,000, yurts offer an affordable point of entry for families with modest budgets. “Yurts are also expandable,” says Brady. “If you want more square footage, it’s just a
matter of adding some carpentry and fabric.”

If you aren’t a DIYer, yurts might not be the best option for you
Brady and Claire erected their yurt in a day, but building its foundations and flooring required months of work. If you aren’t handy with a power saw, and Ikea furniture assembly gives you nightmares, the added cost of hiring a contractor could make the project unfeasible. 

Yurts offer versatility and adaptability
Lightweight and collapsible, yurts can be packed into a trailer or moved around a property. “We built ours on a floating deck with adjustable footings,” says Brady. That makes yurts perfect for families with evolving plans. For example, Claire and Brady aim to use theirs as a guest house in the back half of their land once their cottage is built. 

Yurts aren’t ideal for the winter months
“Our yurt’s woodstove keeps us surprisingly warm, but we wouldn’t want to spend the night if temperatures dropped below -15°C,” says Claire. And since their yurt doesn’t have plumbing, the family uses a camping toilet inside a separate tent.

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Cottage Life

8 Canada Day events to celebrate your red and white spirit

The pandemic may have made many Canada Day events virtual for the last couple of years, but cottage country is not holding back on the celebrations now. From children’s games and activities to musical performances, beer gardens, and community traditions, there is something everyone can enjoy on July 1. 

Huntsville 

If you’re in Huntsville, celebrate Canada Day at Muskoka Heritage Place from 9 a.m. to 3 p.m. Tickets range from $13.15-$19.40, but admission is free from 9 to 11 a.m. The day will start with dignitary speeches, followed by live music and activities for all ages, including pioneer demonstrations and costumed narrators. The Steam Museum will also reopen, and trains will run every hour from noon to 3 p.m. Make sure to stop by the Lions Club for a peameal sandwich and cupcakes. For more details, visit Muskoka Heritage Place

For more fun, make your way to River Mill Park between noon and 6 p.m. You can cool down with a cold one at the Lake of Bays Beer Garden while listening to free musical performances from Sean Cotton & The New Locals, Gina Horswood, The Waterhouse Band, Postman Dan & The Love Letters, and Brickz & Taktikz. Support charity and have a hot dog at the barbecue. Keep up-to-date on all the events with the Downtown Huntsville BIA

Collingwood

Bring the family to Collingwood’s three-day Canada Weekend event from July 1-3. Start the celebrations off with a pancake breakfast on Friday, followed by a bike parade starting at Trott’s Sports Excellence Parking Lot and ending at the Collingwood Library. Stay in the downtown core to enjoy the Citizenship Reaffirmation Ceremony, the cutting of Canada’s birthday cake, and the 10th annual rubber duck race. Make sure you secure an early spot at Millennium Park or along the Waterfront Promenade for the best firework views at 10 p.m.

The rest of the weekend is full of events such as the Collingwood Downtown Farmers’ Market on Saturday morning at the Pine St. Parking Lot; the Collingwood Arts Market all day Saturday on Simcoe Street; and the Wild Card Street Circus from 12 p.m. to 2 p.m. at Sheffer Court.

You’ll also want to visit the Georgian Life photo booth and the Porchside Festival on Friday and Saturday. Lastly, don’t forget to take a selfie with Candid Canuck—a Collingwood icon! The Town of Collingwood has all the details you need to know. 

Parry Sound

Canada Day meets Ribfest this year in Parry Sound at the Stockey Centre. Starting at 11 a.m. on Friday, kids can have fun with inflatables, face painting, balloon artists, and even play Midway games. Adults can enjoy the beer garden from 1 p.m. to 9 p.m. all weekend. There will also be musical performances during the three-day event, featuring The OneTimers, Jessica Sevier, and The Sun Harmonic. Fireworks will commence at dusk on Friday.

And as you work up an appetite celebrating the long weekend, you can eat your way through Ribfest from 11 a.m. to 9 p.m. on July 1-3. More details on Canada Day and Ribfest can be found on The Stockey Centre website

Check out these Canada Day essentials you can use all summer long!

Westport

Westport is the place to be for a jam-packed day of fun and endless events. Get an early start with breakfast at the Westport Welcome Centre starting at 8 a.m., and then take the family to enjoy children’s and music by Tom Gard and Elvis at Westport Lions Beach from noon to 4 p.m. The Annual Bicycle Parade will start at 2 p.m. at St. Edward Catholic School. If you’re looking for a little more, you can take a helicopter ride at the Rideau Lakes Airfield. Reserve your spot at Circle K. You can also visit the Rideau Museum from 9 a.m. to 4 p.m. or see the carriage display on Rideau Street from 2 p.m. to 4 p.m. 

Is all that fun making you hungry? Well, it’s Legion Hamburger Friday from noon to 2 p.m. Live music will fill the Legion 542 patio from 7 p.m. to 10 p.m. and take you right to the firework display. (Hint: bring your lawn chairs for a more comfortable experience.) Event details can be found on the Westport website.

Gravenhurst

Gravenhurst is hosting an all-ages afternoon of fun from 11 a.m. to 1 p.m. at Gull Lake Rotary Park. Start the day off by visiting interactive tents set up by the Gravenhurst Public Library. Make sure to check out the Scales Nature Park display and the Junior Firefighter Challenge. Hotdogs will be served by Mayor Paul Kelly and the council at 11:30 a.m. and cupcakes will be handed out at 12 p.m. (yum!). The afternoon will end on a musical note with local ukulele band performances. Visit the Town of Gravenhurst for more information. 

Festivities in Gravenhurst extend to July 2 at Walker’s Point Marina. Catch live music all afternoon and play carnival games to win prizes. You can also attend the free wake surf clinics sponsored by Muskoka Extreme or a ski show at 7 p.m. The night will end with a fireworks display at 10 p.m. 

Port Carling 

Canada Day in Port Carling is paired with the Lock Street Kick-Off, a pilot project converting Lock Street into a pedestrian-only area starting July 1. The festivities will be held from 12:00 to 2:00 p.m., beginning with a ribbon-cutting ceremony. While you enjoy the barbecue lunch, you can listen to live music or play a life-sized board game. More details on the Canada Day event and pilot project can be found on the Muskoka Lakes website

Bracebridge

The Rotary Club is hosting Canada Day in Bracebridge this year at Birds Mill Mew. Kids can have fun playing games and making crafts starting at 3 p.m. The day will continue at Bracebridge Bay in the evening, where there will be musical performances, a duck derby, a beer garden, food vendors, and a floaty race. Stick around until 10 p.m. for the fireworks and laser show. Entrance is free, but a $5 donation is recommended to help fund the event. More details to follow on the Downtown Bracebridge website

Lindsay

Canada Day in the Kawartha Lakes area is going to be full of excitement—just check out the lineup in Lindsay. Starting at 3 p.m. at Wilson Fields, kids can join in on making balloon animals, face painting, and obstacle courses, plus there will be a petting zoo, ponies, and carriage rides. There’s live entertainment throughout the day and vendors to browse for the adults. If you’re feeling hungry, grab a bite at the many food trucks or the barbecue hosted by the Lions Club. Fireworks will start at 10 p.m. Keep up-to-date with all the events on the Kawartha Lakes page.

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Cottage Life

Science working on solutions for ice cream melting

Ice cream is the perfect summer treat. Except when it’s melting over your hands. Luckily, there’s potential good news for those of us tired of dealing with sticky fingers. Two separate groups of researchers have recently released papers on additives that could be included in ice cream recipes to keep your treats colder longer.

Stop the drip

A chemical engineer in Columbia named Jorge Velásquez Cock has been working on finding ways to recycle banana tree waste. A thick stalk attaches each bunch of bananas to the trunk of the banana plant. The cellulose-rich woody stalks are usually thrown out.

Velásquez Cock’s research developed a method to extract the cellulose from the stalks and added it to ice cream. In controlled lab conditions, the extract prevented ice cream delayed the melting by 20 minutes at 20°C.

The cellulose extraction process is too time-consuming and costly to be commercially viable for now, but Velásquez Cock and his colleagues are looking at ways to make it more efficient.

Freezer burn no more

There’s one place where your ice cream is melting that you might not expect: inside your freezer. Every time you open the door, warm air rushes in. Even when you leave the door shut, the temperature eventually starts to rise which is why you periodically hear the motor kick in.

As the inside of the freezer warms, ice crystals in your ice cream start to melt. Each time the crystals refreeze they grow slightly larger. Large ice crystals are what gives ice cream that gritty, freezer-burned mouthfeel.

Ice cream makers often add stabilizers, such as guar or locust bean gum, to the mix. A group of researchers at the University of Tennessee was looking for a better stabilizer and settled on cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs for short). CNCs are microscopic strand of cellulose.

Their initial conclusions, reported in the American Chemical Society’s Biomacromoclecules, showed that the CNC additive could significantly delay and inhibit the growth of ice crystals. Again, more research has to be done before CNCs end up in your dessert.

In the meantime, the experts at Ben & Jerry’s have several to tips on how to prevent freezer burn including stashing it at the back or bottom of the freezer underneath other items to shelter it from the warmer air.

Of course, there is an alternative solution: scarf down your cone as fast as possible and finish the whole container in one sitting. If you do that, you may want to read our Q&A in our August issue about how to cure ice cream headaches!

 

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Cottage Life

How Iceberg Alley got its name and why it may be under threat

Iceberg Alley, the stretch of coast ranging from Labrador to Newfoundland, is the southernmost region of the northern hemisphere where one can regularly see icebergs. But hurry up! As the planet continues to warm, Iceberg Alley may soon lose its name.

Iceberg sightseeing is a common—and much-anticipated—activity in Newfoundland. Every spring, locals and visitors brave the region’s damp and chilly weather—it’s one of the foggiest places on the planet—to scrutinize the horizon for large white objects or embark on boat tours, hoping that luck will be on their side.

But with iceberg counts ranging from zero to more than 2,000 per year, booking a trip in advance to see these 10,000-year-old blocks of ice can be a gamble.

 

Watch a gutsy Newfoundland swimmer brave frigid waters to reach an iceberg

 

10,000-year-old ice

Every year, hundreds of billions of tonnes of ice, equivalent to more than 100 million Olympic pools of water, once melted, is shed from Greenland’s glaciers into the ocean. This phenomenon is called calving.

The bulk of the ice calving from Greenland’s glaciers form icebergs. While about 10-50 per cent of these icebergs melt directly in Greenland’s fjords, the majority are carried away by ocean currents.

A map of the North Atlantic Ocean showing the flow of icebergs from Greenland to the coast of Newfoundland.
The icebergs that arrive in Newfoundland calve from the west coast of Greenland and follow ocean currents to the south. Data: General Bathymetric Chart of the Oceans.
(Frédéric Cyr), Author provided

The Greenland ice sheet is the result of thousands of years of snow accumulation that has reached a thickness of more than one kilometre. The pressure that comes from the enormous weight transforms the snow into ice. The same pressure pushes the glaciers—rivers of ice funnelled by numerous fjords—towards the ocean where they calve and form icebergs.

A subset of these icebergs, mostly originating from the west coast of Greenland, will reach Newfoundland. While these icebergs can live for as long as a decade, those reaching Newfoundland are generally one to two years old.

Amazing photos of icebergs off the coast of Newfoundland

Sinking of the Titanic

The most famous of these icebergs is probably the one that sank the Titanic just south of the tip of the Grand Banks of Newfoundland in 1912. That year was not an abnormal one for icebergs, with 1,038 icebergs reported. Following this tragedy, in 1913, the International Ice Patrol, operated by the U.S. Coast Guard on behalf of several maritime nations, was created to monitor iceberg dangers for ships in the North Atlantic.

The International Ice Patrol’s annual count of the number of icebergs that slip south of 48 degrees north provides the longest and most reliable time series of icebergs in Newfoundland. In an average year, nearly 800 icebergs are expected to cross the boundary, which lies just north of the Grand Banks of Newfoundland.

Graphic showing the high variability in the number of observed icebergs over the past 122 years.
Number of icebergs observed, 1900-2021.
(Frédéric Cyr), Author provided

These annual counts are extremely variable and affected by the climate of the North Atlantic. The 1980s and ‘90s were an especially cold period in the region, and more than 1,500 icebergs were observed during some of those years, with a record high of 2,202 in 1984. More recently, 1,515 icebergs were spotted in 2019, a year characterized with colder than normal spring temperatures and immediately following another cold period in the mid-2010s.

But these numbers decrease drastically during years characterized by milder winters and an early spring. This occurred in 2010 and 2021, where only one iceberg was observed; in 2011, which saw two icebergs; and in 2013, where 13 icebergs were recorded. Only two years, 1966 and 2006, in the 122-year time series have reported no icebergs journeying south of 48 degrees north.

13 photos that show the majesty of glaciers and icebergs

 

An uncertain future

With the planet warming up as a result of anthropogenic climate change, the Greenland ice sheet is losing mass. While this may suggest that more icebergs will calve into the ocean, it is far from guaranteed that this will lead to more sightseeing opportunities in Newfoundland. And the numbers may lie, as improvements in iceberg-detecting technology may be responsible for an apparent upward trend in counts.

The environmental parameters that control the number of icebergs in Newfoundland in a given year remain unclear. However, it appears that a warmer climate definitely leads to fewer or simply no icebergs at all in Newfoundland.

For example, when looking at the region’s three warmest years on record—1966, 2010 and 2021—only zero, one and one icebergs were reported. These outliers may well become the new norm as climate projections suggest with a high level of confidence that the frequency and severity of extreme events, such as an anomalously warm year, will increase in the future.

While the Newfoundland iceberg sightseeing tourism industry may well have benefited from a succession of exceptional iceberg seasons linked to a recent rebound in cold ocean conditions in the mid-2010s, its future is less certain.

Will the Iceberg Alley lose its name? It would be unfortunate, but it is possible. For the moment there is still time to enjoy these 10,000-year-old remnants of the past. So hurry up before it’s too late!The Conversation

Frédéric Cyr is an adjunct professor in Physical Oceanography at Memorial University of Newfoundland.

This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article.

 

 

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Cottage Life

These cool cottages from the photo contest will inspire your next vacation

The 2022 Photo Contest is open now. Submit your entries here.

Inspire your next vacation by checking out our reader’s home-away-from-homes. They feature everything from peaceful cottage escape and sparkling lake views to breathtaking Canadian mountain landscapes and vibrant cottage country colours.

These photos were submitted through the Cottage Life Photo Contest. Want to share your favourite cottage vacation memories? Enter the photo contest today!

Featured Video 

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Cottage Life

Cottage mortgage payments could increase by 45 per cent in the next three years

Rising interest rates could cause cottage owners who took out a variable-rate mortgage in 2020-2021 to experience a 45 per cent jump in payments by 2025-2026, said the Bank of Canada in its Financial System Review. The bank did specify that this number is hypothetical and is based on further increases to Canada’s mortgage rate.

Considering the bank increased interest rates by 50-basis-points in both April and June, however, the chances of further increases are likely. The bank intends to reassess interest rates in July.

By increasing interest rates, the bank is attempting to cool market demand and combat the elevated inflation level, which reached a 31-year high of 6.8 per cent in May. While intended to lower the cost of living, the increased interest rates are causing a spike in mortgage payments.

“It’s like red flashing lights in our face. [Mortgage rates] have been climbing so aggressively, fixed and variable,” says Andrew Thake, a mortgage broker based in Ottawa. “Fixed rates were in the one to two per cent range a few months back, and now they’re almost at five per cent with the major banks.”

A five-year, fixed-rate mortgage tends to be the most popular mortgage package, Thake says. This means that the property owner is locked in at a certain rate for five years. Therefore, a property owner who took a mortgage out before the interest rates started to increase is currently unaffected. But once those five years are up and the property owner has to renew their mortgage, they’re likely to see a major jump in payments.

Similar to the 45 per cent increase in high loan-to-income variable-rate mortgages, the Bank of Canada hypothesized that a high loan-to-income fixed-rate mortgage taken out in 2020-2021 would also increase by 2025-2026, jumping 26 per cent. Mortgages obtained in 2020-2021 are expected to see the largest increase because they were taken out when rates were at record lows.

At the moment, Thake says the fixed-rate mortgages are rising much faster than variable-rate mortgages, which fluctuate and are based off the Bank of Canada’s overnight lending rate. This means that a variable-rate mortgage is giving people more purchasing power.

“If a household made $150,000, they had no debt, their current home was paid off with 20 per cent down, and they’re using a variable interest rate, they would qualify for a $940,000 loan,” Thake says. “But if that very same client used a fixed rate, they would qualify for about $820,000. That’s a massive difference.”

For Canadians who did take out large mortgages during the pandemic, the Bank of Canada says that these highly indebted households are a vulnerability to the financial system, especially if household incomes don’t increase along with interest rates.

But Thake says it’s unlikely we’ll see a major spike in defaulted mortgages in the near future. This is because anyone who took out a mortgage had to pass the mortgage stress test. This test shows lenders that you’ll still be able to make your monthly payments even if interest rates rise.

To pass the stress test, you have to show your lender that you can meet the Bank of Canada’s minimum qualifying rate, which was increased from 4.79 per cent to 5.25 per cent in June 2021, and is based on the mode average of fixed rates posted over the last five years by Canada’s big banks, or you must meet the mortgage rate offered by your lender plus two per cent, whichever’s higher.

The issue, Thake says, is that since fixed-rate mortgages have climbed so aggressively, they now sit around five per cent, which when you add the lender’s two per cent makes them closer to seven per cent. This means that potential buyers won’t be able to qualify for as large a mortgage as they could in previous years.

Additionally, since mortgage rates are rising so quickly, potential buyers might be pre-approved for a mortgage one week, but then no longer qualify for that mortgage a week later after the rate’s been raised. To make sure you’re on top of increasing rates, Thake suggests working with a mortgage broker.

“When’s the last time your bank called you and updated you on rates?” he says. “A broker manages a client like a financial planner does. We have a pool of 500 clients, and they get day-to-day devotion. We only really earn our living if we service that client and everything goes through smoothly.”

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Cottage Life

The battle against invasive sea lamprey in the Great Lakes rages on

For the past two years, COVID-19 impeded conservation operations in the Great Lakes. Now, the Great Lakes Fishery Commission is ramping up efforts to contain invasive sea lampreys that threaten the wellness of the ecosystem.

Sea lamprey management is a fickle but important part of Great Lakes conservation. Since the 1950s, Canada and the U. S. have been working in tandem to keep the invasive species in check and preserve the $7 billion Great Lakes fishing industry. However, in 2020 and 2021, pandemic restrictions prevented conservation workers from undertaking their usual ecosystem management efforts in the Great Lakes.

In the past, when control was eased, lamprey populations grew relatively quickly. However, Marc Gaden of the Great Lakes Fishery Commission, which is in charge of sea lamprey management, says the organization is hopeful that renewed containment efforts will keep the population in check this time around. “We’re cautiously optimistic that we can weather this,” says Gaden.

What’s happening right now?

The pandemic limited the Commission’s capacity to work in the field and manage lamprey populations. The Fishery Commission’s lamprey management operations were only able to run at roughly 25 per cent capacity in 2020, and 75 per cent in 2021. “COVID set us back a bit, the past two seasons have been highly curtailed because the crews couldn’t get out there,” Gaden explains.

The lampreys that are spawning now, are survivors from the 2020 season. This means the Commission won’t know until the fall, once they’ve fully analyzed all the available data, how significantly the population has changed.

Still, Gaden is cautiously optimistic about the situation. The Commission had been aggressively controlling the sea lamprey population in the decade leading up to COVID-19, which happened to set them up well for the pandemic, says Gaden. “We went into COVID as well-positioned as you can be for a disruption of that size.”

Both the Canadian and American governments have provided the Great Lakes Fishery Commission with additional resources, allowing them to step up the battle against the sea lampreys, says Gaden. Now, the Commission is working at maximum capacity to apply the lampricide treatments. “We’re well-positioned from a resource position to really take this battle to the lamprey and to continue to suppress the populations to the target level we’ve set.”

What are sea lampreys?

Sea lampreys have been a thorn in the side of Great Lakes conservationists for a century. They’re ancient blood-sucking creatures with eel-like bodies and rows of concentric teeth. While the creatures are healthy contributors to their natural environment off the Atlantic coast, they’re devastating to the fish of the Great Lakes. 

From a scientific point of view, even though sea lamprey are a huge pest in the Great Lakes, lampreys as a whole are evolutionarily pretty fascinating,” says Margaret Docker, a professor at the University of Manitoba who studies lamprey biology and freshwater fish conservation. Sea lampreys began to evolve half a billion years ago. The ancient sea creatures are often mistakenly referred to as eels thanks to their long and skinny bodies, but they’re actually considered jawless fish. “Almost all the lineages of jawless fish went extinct, and lampreys are one of the few survivors from that time, 400 million years ago,” says Docker.

Parasitic sea lampreys use their jawless but teeth-lined mouths to suction onto a host fish. Then, they use their tongue—which also has its own set of teeth—to chisel away at the flesh of their prey to suck up its blood. For those who are now scared to dip their toes into the Great Lakes, have no fear, sea lampreys only go after cold-blooded prey.

Docker says the larger fish of the Atlantic are able to handle the sea lamprey’s bite, which makes them little more than a nuisance (like a very large mosquito) in their native habitat. But for the smaller freshwater fish of the Great Lakes, the sea lamprey’s bite is often fatal.

Sea lamprey attached to a salmon
Photo by M. Gaden/Great Lakes Fishery Commission

Why are sea lamprey harmful to the Great Lakes?

The vampire-like fish was first seen in Lake Ontario in the mid-1800s, but it wasn’t until the 1930s that sea lampreys were documented in all five lakes. Gaden says sea lampreys entered the Great Lakes through man-made canals, and the Great Lakes happened to serve as the perfect habitat for the invasive creatures. It provided them with optimal spawning grounds, a plethora of tasty fish, and most importantly, a lack of natural predators. “That’s kind of the best recipe you could possibly have if you’re an invasive species,” says Gaden. “Those are the best conditions for an invasion.”

Gaden says prior to the late 1950s, sea lampreys inflicted enormous damage to the ecosystem of the Great Lakes. Individual sea lampreys are capable of killing 20 kilograms of fish and each female can lay 100,000 eggs. After their invasion, sea lampreys quickly decimated the fish populations of the Great Lakes. “They put some commercial fishers out of business,” says Gaden. “In some cases, they were eating more fish than humans were catching.”

In 1954, Canada and the U.S. joined forces to create the Great Lakes Fishery Commission, which they tasked with managing the Great Lakes ecosystem and containing sea lamprey populations. Gaden says the creation of this bi-national organization is a testament to how destructive the sea lamprey is. While the commission has had success and setbacks over the past half a century, today, lamprey numbers are only at a small fraction of what they were prior to control efforts, he says. 

The secret weapon in the fight against lampreys? Lampricide. Lampricide is a pesticide discovered by the Commission that kills lampreys while leaving other wildlife in the Great Lakes unharmed. “It’s a wild success story in terms of taking a species that essentially posed an existential threat to the Great Lakes, and bringing it under control using mechanisms that are safe for the environment and harmful to lampreys,” Gaden says.

It’s crucial that conservation efforts continue to ensure sea lampreys don’t expand beyond the Great Lakes, says Docker.