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Cottage Life

Cottage Q&A: Revoking a right-of-way

There is a right-of-way through my property that dates back to horse and buggy days. Traffic has obviously increased; it is now being used by heavy construction equipment to build and remodel cottages beyond our property. Is this legal? Can it be stopped? Can an old RoW be revoked because of a substantial change in use?—Jan Le Clair, Sand Lake, Ont.

Ian Keay, a managing partner with MKC Law Office in Peterborough, Ont., is answering your questions with…more questions. “Does the party using the right-of-way have that right in their deed? If the answer is no, then, does the party using the right-of-way have a prescriptive right-of-way?” (That’s when the easement is created after a party uses the road for a certain number of years, giving them a form of “adverse possession”—a.k.a. squatter’s rights—that legally allows them to use the road.)  

If those using the right-of-way don’t have that right in their deed, you could apply for an injunction (a judge’s order) to keep the construction equipment off your property, says Keay. “But the party doing the construction may be able to establish a prescriptive right-of-way, which could defeat the injunction.” 

Okay, back to square one. It’s true that the construction equipment might exceed “what was contemplated when the original right-of-way was granted,” says Keay. Or, the disruption could amount to “substantial interference,” considered offensive, inconvenient, or annoying to a “reasonable person.” 

The former does happen. For example, a right-of-way established only so that a farmer can lead cattle to the edge of a lake to drink, or a right-of-way to only access parking. Unfortunately, “most often with ‘old’ rights-of-way, there are no restrictions or specifications whatsoever,” says Keay. “And I doubt the usage amounts to substantial interference.” (Yes, apparently, there is equipment that is more annoying than construction equipment.)

Even if it does, Keay doesn’t think that the right-of-way would be revoked. “It’s more likely that the continued use of the road by the heavy equipment could be restricted or prevented. Only a judge can do this.”

So, you might not be able to stop all traffic on the easement, but if it keeps the noisy equipment off your property, that’s a win, isn’t it? Contact a lawyer with a strong background in easements, and go from there.

Got a question for Cottage Q&A? Send it to answers@cottagelife.com.

This article was originally published in the May 2022 issue of Cottage Life magazine.

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Cottage Life

Cottage Q&A: Woodstove inspection alternatives

Do you have any suggestions for alternatives to Wood Energy Technology Transfer inspection of woodstoves for areas where qualified WETT inspectors are very hard to get? What do insurance companies suggest for such regions?—Phil Dean, via email

There certainly aren’t any alternative certifications. “WETT is the only program in Canada,” says Zigi Gadomski, the president of Wood Energy Technicians British Columbia. But, since “it’s not a government certification or mandated by the government, an insurance company can use anyone they want.”

They can. But they probably won’t. “All companies that I know of will now only accept a WETT certification on units such as free-standing woodstoves, pellet stoves, and steel fireplace inserts,” says Bob Dixon of Mason Insurance Brokers in Welland, Ont. “It’s just a fact these days.” The folks at the Insurance Bureau of Canada agree.

But everyone gets the problem when it comes to cottages: “Understandably, the more remote a town or area is, the less likely that there might be WETT inspectors available,” says Dixon. Plus, COVID has messed up woodstove inspections the same way that it has messed up every other part of our lives. “I’ve heard that getting an inspection has been tougher due to backups and restrictions.”

We assume that you’re not willing to remove your woodstove. We also assume that you’d like fire insurance. Unfortunately, even if you wanted to, you probably can’t get a property policy that excludes fire losses caused by a wood-burning unit, says Bev Mitchell of Johnston Meier Insurance Agencies Group in Maple Ridge, B.C. “A regular market carrier is not likely to agree to that as an option. As a special risks underwriter, I see a lot of homes and cottages with woodstoves, and if the information provided on the unit indicates that a WETT inspection is required, we will give the client time to deal with the request,” she says. “In the interim, we will approach it with an extremely high deductible—for example, $100,000—to discourage the use of the unit.” But this interim arrangement only works if the woodstove is “auxiliary use only,” says Mitchell—you need a different, approved main heat source, such as a furnace or baseboard heating

If it’s strictly remoteness, not inspector availability, that is the issue, consider forking over the cash to bring one to you. (And in case it expands the pool, keep in mind that some home inspectors also have their WETT certification.) 

“I was once approached by a client who owned a private fishing lodge in a very remote area,” says Mitchell. “The main source of heat was a woodstove, and as the only alternative would be to self-insure, the client had to fly in a WETT inspector—at some expense.” 

It’s not outside the realm of possibility that a company would insure you with no inspection. But is that really what you want? “WETT is the most extensive and correct form of inspection,” says Dixon. “This is not just all about the insurance company requirements. This is about the safety of your family and friends. To me, that is always more important.”   

Got a question for Cottage Q&A? Send it to answers@cottagelife.com.

This article was originally published in the May 2022 issue of Cottage Life magazine.

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Cottage Life

Cottage Q&A: Country mice vs city mice

We used to only have the cute, little grey deer mice at the cottage. But I just found five brown ones in the sleeping bag in your room. Aren’t the brown ones “city mice”?—Jackie’s Mom, via email

Hey, Mom! Don’t hate: all mice are cute. Just not when they’re inside a sleeping bag on a bed where someone is expected to sleep in the future. Or dead, as in the photo that you emailed Cottage Q&A. The image was too grim to print in the pages of this magazine, but not too grim to send to some experts. The verdict? Both the grey mouse and the brown mouse in the image are deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus).

When it comes to mouse ID, “Colour doesn’t really mean a whole lot,” says Lauralee Proudfoot of Cottage Country Pest Control near Midland, Ont. Deer mouse fur varies from grey to brown; the species’ common name stems from the fact that their colour is similar to that of a deer. The one (colour) feature that distinguishes deer mice from house mice (Mus musculus) is their white underparts—look at the bellies and undersides of the tails of the mice in the photo.

Tom Sullivan, a professor emeritus in applied biology at UBC, ID’d the grey mouse in the photo as a juvenile and the brown one as an adult—that could explain why their body shapes are slightly different. We don’t know why you used to only catch grey mice. Maybe there are just more deer mice with brown fur in the local population now.

See you at the cottage, Mom! Please launder that sleeping bag.

Got a question for Cottage Q&A? Send it to answers@cottagelife.com.

This article was originally published in the May 2022 issue of Cottage Life magazine.

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Cottage Q&A: Giraffe legs in the water?

Several years ago, I was kayaking in a swampy bay in our lake. From a distance, I thought I saw the legs of a dead giraffe. How can that be, I wondered. But as I got closer, I could see that it was actually a large plant root of some sort. I took a photo; I was interested to know what it is.—Neil Poutanen, Lac Sinclair, Que.

We were interested too. Because we had absolutely no idea. (Well, we were 99 per cent certain that it wasn’t part of a dead giraffe.) Turns out, your second guess was correct. It’s a root system.

“Those are actually the roots of a water lily—you can see the leaves in the surrounding water,” says Sean Fox, the manager of horticulture and curator of the University of Guelph Arboretum in Guelph, Ont. “The roots would typically be buried in the mud at the bottom of the lake, but if dislodged, they can float to the surface.”

Neat-o! But why are the roots so huge? “Water lilies can form large colonies, where many hundreds of leaves are attached to the same root network,” says Fox. “So, while the individual leaves might look small compared to the roots, those large rhizomes are actually part of a broader network that stores food over the winter and supplies many leaves, which can cover a very large area of the surface water.”

It doesn’t take much to dislodge even a big honkin’ root network. It could have been knocked loose by turtles or fish moving around in the substrate, turbulent water during a storm, or “a well-meaning paddler sticking their paddle too deep into shallow water, hitting the mud, and pulling some roots up,” says Fox. (He’s not throwing shade. He means a different paddler. Not you.)

The roots are strange-looking, sure, “but beautiful in their own way,” says Fox. Just like a giraffe.

Got a question for Cottage Q&A? Send it to answers@cottagelife.com.

This article was originally published in the May 2022 issue of Cottage Life magazine.

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Wild Profile: Meet the pronghorn antelope

Here are a few things that you should know about the pronghorn antelope. One: it’s the second-fastest land animal on earth. Two: thanks to very bulbous eyes set far back on its head, it has better vision than any other ungulate—a pronghorn’s field of vision covers 300 degrees. Three: it’s not actually an antelope. Wait, what?

Pronghorn antelope vs. antelope 

The species’ scientific name (Antolocapra americana) means “American antelope goat.” But it’s not closely related to either of those animals—it’s not part of the antelope family at all. A pronghorn’s closest living relatives appear to be the giraffe and the okapi (a species that looks like a cross between a deer and a zebra, native to the Democratic Republic of Congo). True antelopes live mostly in Africa, with smaller pockets in Asia and portions of the Middle East. In Canada, pronghorn populations are largely restricted to parts of Saskatchewan and Alberta.

How fast can a pronghorn run? 

This non-antelope can sprint as fast as 92 km/h—only the cheetah is faster. Why are these skinny, deer-like animals so speedy? They’re built for it, with long legs and can take big strides, plus large hearts and lungs in relation to their size. Some experts believe pronghorns evolved to be so fast because they once lived in grassland habitats alongside now-extinct cheetah-like predators. This could also be the reason they developed such great eyesight. A pronghorn can spot a predator from up to six kilometres away. That’s a real advantage to survival in a flat, plains environment. Oddly, for an animal that’s so leggy, pronghorn antelopes aren’t good jumpers. Unlike deer, they’re more likely to crawl under an obstacle—a fence, for example–rather than attempt to leap over it.

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Cottage Life

Check out these riverfront rentals that are a short drive from Ottawa

With more than 900 lakes and four major river systems, the Ottawa Valley is a nature-lover’s dream. These cottage rentals give you the perfect home base to enjoy it all.

Known as the whitewater capital of Canada, the Ottawa Valley offers some of the fastest, cleanest, and safest rivers in the country, including the Ottawa River. If you and the family are into adventure, it’s the perfect spot to hop in a chartered raft and experience some rapids.

If you’re not looking for quite that much adrenaline, go for a hike in Gatineau Park, with its rugged terrain and stunning views of nearby Ottawa and Gatineau. Or consider touring the area’s local towns. Hawkesbury, Merrickville, and Montebello—among others—offer small-town charm with quaint shopping boutiques, art galleries, and restaurants.

Regardless of how you spend your day, end it on the deck of one of these rentals, drink in hand, as you watch the sun set over the Ottawa River. 

Only a 50-minute drive from Ottawa, Kanien’kehá:ka Roundhouse is located on seven acres of private forest. The rental offers eclectic decor with rockstar memorabilia. Take advantage of the property’s above-ground pool and gazebo, or head into nearby Merrickville to check out the village’s gift shops, art galleries, and restaurants.

Location: Merrickville, Ont.

Price: Averages $229 per night

Sleeps: 4

Bedrooms: 3

Notes:

  • Internet included
  • Laundry on site
  • Above-ground swimming pool
  • BBQ available for use
  • Fire pit

Click here to book


 

This rental features a private dock on the Baie de Carillon, just off of the Ottawa River. Bring your own boat and putter around, play some pool in the game room, or relax in the property’s outdoor hot tub.

Location: Lachute, Que.

Price: Averages $323 per night

Sleeps: 10

Bedrooms: 3

Notes:

  • Riverfront property
  • Internet included
  • Laundry on site
  • Outdoor hot tub
  • BBQ available for use
  • Fire pit

Click here to book


 

Unwind along the Ottawa River in this log cabin. The rental is a short trip from Omega Park, a 12-kilometre driving safari where you can see some of North America’s most unique wildlife, as well as the iconic Château Montebello, from which the cottage gets its name. If you need extra space, the rental also offers a beach house at an extra cost.

Location: Grenville-sur-la-Rouge, Que.

Price: Averages $195 per night

Sleeps: 16

Bedrooms: 5

Notes:

  • Riverfront property
  • Internet included
  • Outdoor hot tub
  • BBQ available for use
  • Kayak available for use

Click here to book


 

Enjoy sunsets over the Ottawa River on this rental’s expansive deck. Take the property’s kayak out for a spin, test your mettle on the foosball and ping pong tables, or sip a drink in the outdoor hot tub. The cottage is only 12 minutes from the Lachute Golf Club and eight minutes from the Presqu’ile-Robillard Ecological Reserve.

Location: Lachute, Que.

Price: Averages $345 per night

Sleeps: 8

Bedrooms: 3

Notes:

  • Riverfront property
  • Internet included
  • Laundry on site
  • Outdoor hot tub
  • Kayak available for use
  • Fire pit

Click here to book


 

A historic property located on the shore of the Ottawa River, Duldraeggan was founded in 1805, making it one of the oldest remaining accommodations in Ontario. Walled in by gardens and trees, the cottage offers peace and privacy. Plus, it’s a short drive from Hawkesbury.

Location: L’Orignal, Ont.

Price: Averages $135 per night

Sleeps: 2

Bedrooms: 1

Notes:

  • Riverfront property
  • Internet included
  • BBQ available for use

Click here to book


 

Nestled on Corbu Bay off of the Ottawa River, this rental’s waterfront feels like a lake. Relax beneath the living room’s cathedral ceiling or on the cottage’s terrace overlooking the water. The property, which is surrounded by trees, offers complete privacy, but if you need something, Ottawa is a quick 35-minute drive away.

Location: Pontiac, Que.

Price: Averages $325 per night

Sleeps: 8

Bedrooms: 4

Notes:

  • Riverfront property
  • Internet included
  • Washing machine on site
  • BBQ available for use
  • Fire pit
  • Two kayaks available for use
  • Summer bookings must be a minimum of seven nights

Click here to book


 

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Cottage Life

Nature Scrapbook: The northern spring azure butterfly

Flitting, dodging, never seeming to land, northern spring azures are ethereal specks of splendour, appearing miraculously on sunny, warm spring days. The pale blue butterflies herald the unfolding of the season’s ephemeral blossoms—to which they’re intrinsically tied—along forest trails and watersides throughout Canada to the tree line.

Beneath sun-warmed leaf litter, azures emerge from plump, brown or yellowish chrysalids for their maiden flights, unlike the smattering of other early spring butterflies, which overwinter as adults. Males patrol almost constantly for mates, especially mid-afternoon to dusk. They seem to disappear when occasionally landing to bask, the grey-brown undersides of their closed wings blending with ground colours. Living for only a few days to a couple of weeks, they sip a little flower nectar, but tank up on minerals from mud puddles or even animal droppings.

Female azures, distinguished by their black-bordered forewings, generally mate within hours of emerging. The following day, they lay light-green eggs, spaced individually on flower buds of wild cherry, blueberry, dogwoods, and other shrubs with white spring blossoms. They perish soon afterwards.

Their tiny, squat caterpillars, which can be green to whitish, pink, or brown, hatch within several days, and munch buds, flowers, and developing fruits for two to three weeks before they pupate. As they grow, they secrete a greenish honeydew solution, favoured by sweet-toothed ants. In exchange for the sugary drink, the ants protect the developing pupas from spiders, wasps, and other assailants.

While most northern spring azures stay cooped up in chrysalids for 10 or 11 months of the year, some in southeastern Canada pupate within only a few weeks and fly in summer. In southern Ontario and the prairies, a nearly identical but apparently separate species, the summer azure, also takes wing around the same time.

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Cottage Life

Moving to the cottage? Here’s how to merge your city and cottage decor

We’ve documented how the pandemic has forever changed the real estate market, with people spending more time than ever at the cottage. These changes may have inspired some to act on plans earlier than expected–namely, moving from home to cottage for good.

Moving can be overwhelming, especially if you’re heading to a location quite different from your main space. Beyond logistics, there are design plans to consider. Do you switch out your modern furniture in favour of pieces that better fit the outdoor scenery? And what if you need to add a work space? Nancy Nickle, an interior designer with Birchview Design, hears these questions from many clients who are in transition. Here is Nancy’s expert advice:

Purge and declutter at the cottage first, before you do your main property

Usually, the flow of a move requires you to clear out point A before heading to point B, but in the case of moving full-time to the cottage, Nickle suggests the opposite. She says many of her clients feel inspired to refresh their cottage at the outset, a task they may have been putting off. Often, furniture and decor at the cottage tends to be dated, perhaps hand-me-downs that originated at the main home. Nickle advises either giving pieces to friends and family, or selling them and putting those funds towards newer “investment pieces.” What should people hang on to, even in the height of decluttering? “A heirloom piece or a sectional sofa that could look great anywhere,” says Nickle.

Create an ideal vision, and slowly build towards it

It can be overwhelming to look at your possessions as you’re packing up, trying to envision how it’s going to translate to a new setting. Instead, Nickle advises starting from a blank slate, and finding inspiration—either online or from home design magazines—in a solid vision. From there, you can assess which pieces fit into that vision.

Shifting into a more rustic, outdoor vibe can be as simple as finding new pillows, rugs, or blankets with softer colours. A traditional dining table, for example, can be paired with a bench that has a back, or a certain style of chair that better fits a cottage setting, Nickle says. Often, it’s about moving from formal to more casual. “If you’ve got stiff, upholstered furniture, instead of a coffee table, we’d bring in a big ottoman that people can put a tray on, and put their feet up,” she says. Interior design is influenced by the surrounding environment, and Nickle says at a cottage, having nature on your doorstep should impact the “flow” of your space, by bringing in colours and textures that reflect it.

Put together a furniture and room plan with detailed measurements

This seems like an obvious tip for decorating a new space, but from home to cottage, there can be a big difference in the size and layout of main spaces. As Nickle explains, it’s a common source of frustration in a move: you arrive with your existing furniture or get excited about a new piece, and find that it doesn’t fit the way you hoped. She also recommends using a colour swatch for your existing furniture or paint colours, and having that on hand—along with your measurements—when you go shopping. This way, “You don’t stray from your vision by being distracted by something else that looks pretty,” she says.

Consider the home comforts you’d like to accommodate 

If you’re used to going back and forth to the cottage, you may have shrugged off things like slow Wi-Fi or clunky, older appliances. Nickle shares an important adage: “It isn’t home, cottage anymore—it’s all one place. You want to accommodate your lifestyle within that.” Nickle has many clients who end up wanting to bring appliances from home or buy new ones, and that often comes with re-thinking the space.

Another aspect to consider is your potential work station. Nickle’s cottage clients often tell her they’d rather work in a living area, like a screened-in porch or sunroom, than a dedicated office. It’s another motivation, she says, to create a space that fits your lifestyle, but also preserves the laid-back, casual feel a cottage should provide.

Spend time sourcing vintage or thrifted pieces

A major part of Nickle’s design process is hunting for unique finds in the many vintage and second-hand stores throughout cottage country; having older items is part of what makes things look “curated,” she explains. Things to look out for are old paddles, vintage pottery or dishware that can be displayed or used for serving, and wooden cutting boards. “You can find so many things for $10—we use old fans or propeller pieces, because they’ll sit on a console or something, and they’re a cool piece.” It’s a good reminder that redecorating can be done “at a garage sale level,” Nickle says.

Overall, it’s important to keep the same feeling from your main home, which includes personal touches; Nickle gives the example of a gallery wall full of black-and-white photos of a family’s years at the cottage. Ultimately, as she says, “It’s about having things you can look at every day and see good memories.” 

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Cottage Life

Rare bird spotted for the first time in Canada

A small, grey-brown sandpiper spotted in Thedford, Ont. proved that one doesn’t need to be the flashiest bird to catch people’s eye. The first sighting of a marsh sandpiper in Canada brought enthusiastic birders to the region in the hope of catching a glimpse of this unique find. 

The marsh sandpiper stands on long, yellow legs that allow the bird to wade through shallow marshlands in search of food. The migratory species, which can be found in eastern Europe, Asia, Africa, and Australia, has a distinctive white “eyebrow” marking above its eye.

“The marsh sandpiper is native to Eurasia, and so this is the first time its officially been recorded in Canada,” says Natasha Barlow, an Ontario projects biologist with Birds Canada, who made the trip to see the Thedford marsh sandpiper. “Poor weather conditions can push birds off of their flight path, especially during migration when they may be making long-distance flights, and emergency landings in areas where they usually wouldnt be (like in Thedford) can occur,” she adds.

The vagrant marsh sandpiper was first spotted by birder James Holdsworth at the Thedford Sewage Lagoons, as reported by CTV News London. The exciting find prompted the Ontario Field Ornithologists to arrange access to the property for birders to witness this once-in-a-lifetime sighting. 

One of those birders was Paul Riss, who goes by the moniker “the punk birder” and was featured in the CBC Gem documentary, Rare Bird Alert. Riss earned his nickname thanks to his efforts to break down the stereotypes of old, stuffy birdwatchers; instead, he is a proponent that birdwatching is a hobby for everyone.

Riss made an eight hour trek to see the marsh sandpiper, noting that he was not likely to get this opportunity again in his lifetime. Along the drive he was “praying to the bird gods that it was still going to be there.” He arrived at the site and trained his scope. 

“There it was,” he says, “with that lovely white marking on its back. I couldn’t believe it.” 

He observed the sandpiper walking around in the shallows, stopping to feed and preen its feathers. “It was lovely to see,” he says. “The people I was with, they were so happy.”

For those interested in experiencing the thrill of spotting a new species for the first time, Riss recommends that people connect with the Ontario Field Ornithologists to learn the ins and outs of birdwatching. But he emphasizes that birding as a hobby can be as casual as keeping watch on a backyard birder feeder. “To be a birder, you do not need to chase rare birds,” he says. “If you really enjoy birds, you’re a great birder.”

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Cottage Life

The ultimate cottage tool: the Swiss Army knife

I follow a ritual whenever I go out: I pat my pockets. One pat for my wallet, one for my keys, and my right pants pocket for my Swiss Army knife. I couldn’t leave the cottage without it because there’s often a rope to cut or a screw to tighten when you are far from the shed. It’s portable, uncomplicated, and multi-purpose, an ideal cottage tool. Indeed, there are probably more Swiss Army knives at cottages than there are in the Swiss Army.

We have been through so much together, my knife and I. Hand and handle. With it, I have carved ducks (wooden) and steaks (beef). Cleaned fingernails, spread butter, pried off bottle caps, and whittled walking sticks. I have screwed with the screwdrivers, cut with the scissors, and tweezed with the tweezers. And with the magnifying glass I have tried—without success—to light a fire in wood chips.

I have even used the reamer—although only to punch that extra hole in my belt. (I should never have eaten that fourth cheeseburger.) And yes, the corkscrew has proved itself at our cottage when guests bring real wine. (We run more to screw-top bottles and beer. Corkscrews don’t abound.) Swiss Army knives can have as many as 31 features, but mine is in the middle, with 11. It’s a close relative to the original knife, first produced in 1891. Eleven are enough for me—although a saw would be nice—but I don’t really need the hook disgorger, the wire cutter, or the ballpoint pen, which are some of the attachments on the SwissChamp, the biggest model. Nor do I need the model with the built-in watch—not at the cottage. My knife is not utterly perfect; in our quarter-century relationship, I have lost toothpick and tweezers (replacements cost $1 and $2) any number of times. I have broken the scissors. I have sharpened the blade so often it looks like an eagle’s beak.

But the blade will endure for years, and that’s just as well, for we have ducks to carve and sticks to whittle, my knife and I, in the cottage days to come.

This essay by Paul Rush was originally published in the April/May 1998 issue of Cottage Life.

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