Categories
Cottage Life

The secret every paddler should know: the science of gunwale bobbing

Perhaps you too were routinely chastised by a camp counsellor for standing up in a canoe. But a group of scientists wants you to forget all that and take a stand on gunwale bobbing.

Gunwale bobbing (pronounced “gunnel”—“one of the delights is its funny spelling,” says Stephen Morris, a physics professor at the University of Toronto) is an odd pursuit with little purpose beyond novelty, the glee of thumbing your nose at dictatorial camp counsellors, and the chance to test a theory of quantum physics.

At least that was partly the motivation of Jerome Neufeld, a professor of earth and planetary fluid dynamics at the University of Cambridge and a cottager on Muldrew Lake. Neufeld remembered gunwale bobbing from his childhood—the goal then was to see who ended up in the lake first—and decided to pass down the pursuit to his kids.

Is the canoe the most beloved icon of the cottage?

Gunwale bobbing involves standing up in a canoe and creating waves by bouncing up and down, then riding those waves to move the canoe forward. Or, more academically, it’s “a phenomenon in which a person jumping on the gunwales of a canoe achieves horizontal propulsion by forcing it with vertical oscillations,” as described in the American Physics Society’s journal Physical Review Fluids.

Neufeld routinely finds himself “explaining fluid phenomena in the natural world,” he says. Gunwale bobbing turned into the perfect opportunity to demonstrate how a particle can be both a wave and a particle, a vexing ancient problem in quantum mechanics.

Physicists came up with a demonstration a few years ago, using liquid. The demo showed that if you shake a layer of fluid, and you put a little droplet of fluid on its surface, instead of just falling into the fluid, the droplet bounces up and down. “And that little bouncy drop can start to ‘walk’, to move across the fluid,” says Morris.

It was Jerome, Morris says, who noticed that the reason that the droplet moves is simply that it makes waves and then “surfs” on those waves. Neufeld summarizes it this way: “Long story short, the droplet and its wave then behave like a quantum particle/wave, and so can mimic many nanometre scale phenomena.”

How to calculate distance over water using physics

Fast forward to Neufeld holidaying and gunwale bobbing at his Muskoka-area cottage. The canoe, he realized, was doing the same thing as that surfing droplet. The physicists, great fans of wordplay, call it the “quantum canoe.”

When Neufeld, Morris, and their research colleagues got together to produce their paper on the bouncing droplet, the Powers That Be at the journal in which it was published wouldn’t greenlight mention of the quantum canoe. But it does use the same math, Morris says.

Though I, a Canadian, had never heard of it, Morris insists that “gunwale bobbing is a Canadian thing.” And it’s a Canadian thing that fellow Canadian, Neufeld, thought “needed an explanation.”

The applications of this research varies from better understanding the energy created by boat wake (and thus shoreline issues) or even ways that Olympic canoeists can increase their speed.

But, says Neufeld, “Being able to explain the physics of the phenomena is, honestly, mostly fun and I’m delighted there are fun new ways the kids can viscerally explore waves when they’re playing in the water at the cottage.”

Watch Jerome Neufeld’s one-minute video on gunwale bobbing.

Categories
Cottage Life

How a family of five shares a tiny 350 sq. ft. cabin

There is a small cabin in a quiet corner of southern B.C., set against rocky cliffs above a deep, narrow slice of lake: Anderson Lake. A rack of elk antlers is fastened above the little cabin’s front door, and from the end of the antlers, hanging from a piece of twine, is a wooden sign. In a cheerful font, it reads: “Be nice, go play outside.”  

The sign is a message to the three children of Catherine Aird and Sholto Shaw, who bought the property ten years ago. “I’m always telling them, ‘play outside,’ ” says Catherine. Certainly it’s a statement of the family’s cottaging philosophy, but it’s also practical. The off-grid cabin is small and its amenities are limited. The wilderness around it is boundless. 

The building is largely unchanged since it was built by gold miners in the mid-1930s—though the details are sketchy. “Government records say that it was built in 1937,” says Sholto. “But beyond that, there’s kind of no history. There’s no one to ask.” 

For decades it was a long-term leasehold property, as were most of the other lots on Anderson Lake. (Back then, the area was only reachable via a rough, one-lane logging road from Squamish, 140 km away—and the drive took a full day.) The previous owner held the lease before seizing an opportunity to buy it from the government in the mid-1990s, and in turn, Catherine and Sholto bought it from him in 2012. 

These days, it’s an hour’s drive to Anderson Lake from their home in Whistler. You head north, hang a left off the highway just past Pemberton, and pass almost immediately out of cellular service range. The road follows a narrow valley, squeezed between peaks, until it dead-ends. There, the lake begins at the tiny, unincorporated town of D’Arcy and stretches away for about 20 kilometres, arcing north and east, sandwiched between the steep green slopes of the lesser Coast Mountains. The lake is long, cold, and deep (nearly 200 metres deep in places). Salmon surge up the length of the lake in summer, nearing the end of their long run from the ocean, while deer and cougar haunt its hills. There are 70 or so cabins scattered along the lake’s steep edges, and apart from a handful of places, all of the properties there are reachable only by boat. They’re also entirely off-grid.

So how exactly do two parents, two kids, one teenager, and an energetic Australian shepherd—not to mention regular crowds of visiting friends and neighbours—make a no-frills cottage life work in just 350 sq. ft.? They go play outside.

Henry David Thoreau famously wrote in Walden about his life in a small cottage on Massachusetts’s Walden Pond. But at one point in the book, he also describes a large, metal box he’d seen in a railyard and speculated that it wouldn’t make a bad home base either. “Many a man is harassed to death to pay the rent of a larger and more luxurious box,” he wrote, “who would not have frozen to death in such a box as this.” 

For Catherine and Sholto, the property on Anderson Lake was an opportunity to buy up a small cabin. They’d heard about the lake, and the rare opportunity to buy a place there, from one of Sholto’s fellow lawyers in Whistler. “Who would need a cottage when you live in Whistler?” Sholto asks. “It’s not a big city. You can walk or ride your bike to any of the lakes there.” But at the time, Whistler had just co-hosted the 2010 Olympic Games, and the town was a long way from being a quiet wilderness idyll. (It’s only gotten busier since—these days, at least in non-pandemic times, Whistler receives three million visitors annually.) Anderson Lake, on the other hand, was and still is tucked away from it all. “There’s no cell service. No marina. No hotels. No bars,” says Sholto. “There are no rental properties, because nothing is turnkey. People go elsewhere.” Its out-of-the-way location and lack of infrastructure had kept it affordable. And the stark granite of its cliff walls reminded Sholto of his childhood visits to camp on Georgian Bay. The family went for it. 

After they’d bought, they had a choice. “Either we had to redo the whole cabin,” says Catherine, “or we had to live outside.” They decided on the latter, and instead of expanding the little cabin, they built extensive decking around the building, a large wooden tent pad on the cliffs above the lake, and a larger dock. Inside, a kitchen area occupies one corner, and a small table and a couple of chairs, another. Beyond them, there are two couches that fold out into beds, and a woodstove. A ladder leads up to a sleeping loft that is almost entirely filled up by another two mattresses. Catherine and Sholto filter water from a nearby waterfall-fed creek and they get their power (just enough to run a wireless router, LED lights, and the coffee grinder) from a small solar panel array. There’s a composting toilet out back, partially tucked beneath the eaves of the cabin, and an outhouse a short walk from the main building. 

There were a “series of reasons” why they decided to leave the cabin as is, says Sholto. At the time, “we didn’t have a choice financially. And with it being off-grid and water access, it’s a chore to do anything, to get any tradespeople here,” he says. At some point, the family might renovate or add on to the cabin, they admit, but right now? “It’s complicated, and we don’t care that much,” says Catherine. “We don’t need more.”

They were a smaller family when they first arrived. Tristan, now 18, is just old enough to remember life before Anderson Lake. Colin, 11, was a baby when his parents bought the cabin, and Chloé, 9, came along soon after the purchase. (Snowy the dog is another latecomer.) Even so, in a pinch—on a rare rainy day, say—they can all eat and sleep inside. 

The outer deck is their main dining room. It holds a much larger table and chairs, and a set of couches as well. Chloé and Colin like to pitch their own tents on the wide, roomy dock (no one has ever tossed and turned themselves into the lake in the night, they note) while Tristan more often puts his up on the tent pad at the south end of the property. Catherine likes to roll her sleeping bag out in the open, under the wide expanse of a clear night sky. There’s nothing but the occasional solar-charged lantern at a distant neighbour’s place to interrupt the darkness, and Anderson Lake lies in the transition zone between the high Lillooet desert and the heart of the Coast Range. So for the most part, in summer, the area is hot, dry, and free of bugs. 

“It’s peaceful and quiet,” says Catherine. And although there’s lots of wildlife close by—really close by: a cougar recently walked “right up” to a cottager with a cabin on the north end of the lake, she says—no one is ever concerned about sleeping outside, exposed. “We know the animals are there,” says Catherine. “But I’m more worried about a branch falling down in a windstorm than I am about cougars.”

A narrow footpath runs up and over the hill to the nearest neighbour’s cabin a few minutes away—one of Catherine’s closest friends who bought the property next door. But in full summer, they’re more likely to swim or paddleboard over for a cocktail, rather than walk. They also sail, kayak, waterski, hydrofoil, and go tubing on “an inflatable hot dog,” says Sholto. Well, the kids do. “We thought a hot dog would be less deadly than an actual tube.”

Sometimes they all climb in the powerboat and explore the lake, finding secret picnic spots and hiking to waterfalls. Catherine is into long-distance swimming: she’ll pull on a wetsuit and slip into the lake for an hour or more at a time, towing an orange floatie behind her for safety as she strokes past the neighbours lounging on their docks and decks. “It’s a good workout,” says Catherine. But more importantly, it’s a beautiful workout. The water is cold (“It’s not for the faint of heart,” she says), but clear. “You can see 70 feet down. I see schools of fish when I’m swimming. It’s like being in the Caribbean.” 

Their lives revolve around the water, and that’s what makes the property and its possibilities feel so expansive, regardless of the cabin’s size. “Go play outside” might just as well be “go play in the lake.” 

The Wi-Fi lets them communicate with the outside world, but it’s usually off. The kids—and their parents—“are forced to be unplugged,” says Catherine. And for the most part, the children get it. Colin, asked if he ever finds the cabin too small,  responds—and not surprisingly—“There’s lots of room outside.” He spends his time sailing in the family’s small boat and jumping off the property’s rocky cliffs with his friends—both the children of other Anderson Lake families and Whistler friends who come down to their cabin to visit. The cliff-jumping sessions can be marathons: up to three hours of plunge and repeat. Chloé likes to chase lizards and snakes, and sleeping in her tent, in part because it’s so quiet out there. “There’s not a lot of noise when my dad makes coffee in the morning.” 

(Colin: “You wake up earlier than when he makes coffee anyway!” Chloé: “That is not true.” Colin: “That is 100 per cent true!”)

These days, Tristan doesn’t always go to the lake with the rest of the family. He’s old enough to stay home in Whistler alone. He works in restaurants in the summers, and he has sports and other commitments tying him to town. “It’s just pretty far from everybody and everything that’s going on,” he says.

His rapid path to adulthood is part of the reason why Sholto and Catherine have never wanted to get bogged down in renovations and expansions. “We’ll do all that and then we won’t have time to enjoy it with our kids,” Catherine says. “When you have one that’s a teenager, you realize how quick it can happen.”

Of course, even without renos, there’s a lot of work behind a deceptively simple existence. “It takes so long to get everything done,” says Catherine. But at Anderson Lake, “everyone helps each other.” Each spring and fall, the couple and their immediate neighbours have to set out and then haul in the sprawling network of pipes and hoses that bring water to each family, carrying the hardware along steep forest trails on foot. Everything on the property has at some point been driven to the boat launch, unloaded and then reloaded into a small craft by hand, ferried to the property, and then unloaded again and hauled up the hill: basics such as food, lumber, propane to keep the fridge running, but sometimes the loads are more memorable. When they first bought the cabin, they planted two young apple trees and a peach tree. (The apples are thriving; the peaches get ravaged by the deer.) But on the day they bought the trees and drove them down, they already had a full load for their little aluminum skiff. So Catherine and Tristan, then still a child, paddled the potted saplings across the lake in a canoe. 

There’s something timeless about the cabin on Anderson Lake and the style of cottaging that it requires—or, perhaps, that it helps us to recover. It’s an existence stripped down to bathing suits and sand and sweat and sunscreen; active days and dark-sky nights; cold water and warm sleeping bags. 

In 1936, at around the same time that the building was first nailed together, the American philosopher Richard Gregg raised a concern that echoes loudly today. “It is time to call a halt on endless gadgeteering,” he wrote. “We think that our machinery and technology will save us time and give us more leisure, but really they make life more crowded and hurried.” It’s hard to imagine which gadgets he may have been fretting over then. Certainly, we have a much wider selection today. But Anderson Lake is a reminder that actually, the solution to “endless gadgeteering” is simple. Be nice, go play outside. 

This article was originally published in the May 2022 issue of Cottage Life magazine.

Categories
Cottage Life

Kayak buying 101

I cringed when my mother told me she’d just bought a kayak from a big box store. I’ve worked as a sea kayak guide and instructor on the Great Lakes for more than 20 years; I take pride in the fact that my sleek and seaworthy fibreglass touring kayak is worth more than my car. People like me use terms like “bathtubs” and “kayak-shaped floating objects” to refer to boats like the nine-foot, $300 plastic kayak my mom asked me to transport to her cottage on Lake Huron’s North Channel. I averted my eyes and cartopped it as fast as I could. 

My attitude softened when I noticed how often my mom ended our phone calls with, “Okay, I gotta go paddling now.” I understood the joy she’d discovered in gliding silently through narrow channels lined with polished granite and towering pines. As my mom came to love kayaking, she realized the limitations of her boat. She complained about its slowness and inability to track in a straight line. However, with COVID-19 driving a surge in demand and causing supply shortages for everything from bicycles to kayaks and cross-country skis, she couldn’t have chosen a worse time to shop for something better. Fortunately, I knew a friend selling a used 14-footer. It had all the features of my touring kayak, but in a smaller, easier-to-handle package—perfect for my mom’s morning outings. Soon, she was spending more time on the water than ever before in a sleeker, safer, and more comfortable kayak.

Tim Dyer smiles at my mom’s paddling discovery. Dyer, the long-time owner of White Squall, a paddling centre and kayak retailer in Parry Sound, Ont., sees the inexpensive kayaks sold in big box stores as gateway vessels. “Our days of looking down on Canadian Tire kayaks are long gone,” he says. “It’s about getting folks to go paddling, so who the hell cares what they are using? We cheer them on for choosing a great way to recreate.”

However, both Dyer and Kelly McDowell, the president of the Complete Paddler in Toronto, insist that cheap kayaks lack safety features, such as floatation chambers, that are important if you want to paddle in open water. “Cottagers think, We’re not going long distances, we don’t need an expensive kayak,” says McDowell, who has been selling kayaks since 2002. “We ask them, ‘How far away from shore will you paddle? If you flip, can you swim that distance dragging your flooded, partially sunk kayak back to shore?’ ” If these questions raise any doubt in the buyer, McDowell advises them, “You need a proper kayak.”

Sit-Inside Kayaks

These kayaks are direct descendants of the Indigenous hunting vessels of the High Arctic, featuring decks to shelter the paddler from waves, wind, rain, and sun. A ridge on the cockpit rim, called the coaming, allows a paddler to attach a sprayskirt for additional protection from the elements.

Many types of sit-inside kayaks are available in several general categories. The most popular recreational kayak that McDowell sells has a key safety feature that’s most often absent in kayaks sold at department stores. The Wilderness Systems Pungo 125, for example, has a foam wall (known as a bulkhead) separating the cockpit from a watertight rear compartment. Sit-inside kayaks without bulkheads have no floatation should they capsize; swamped with water, they’ll barely float and submerge if the paddler attempts to re-enter. A bulkhead (touring kayaks have watertight compartments fore and aft of the cockpit) keeps the kayak afloat when the cockpit is filled with water. But, “I still wouldn’t paddle the Pungo 125 too far from shore,” McDowell says.  

Length is a factor in how well a kayak will track through the water, and width is a good determinant of stability. The 12.6-foot Pungo glides better than shorter kayaks, and it maintains a broad 29-inch width through most of its midsection for good stability. McDowell says the boat’s greatest selling point is its seat: a foam-padded, multi-adjustable version with a comfortable backrest that’s also found in Wilderness Systems’ kayaks. The Pungo 125 is “great for cruising the shoreline, fishing, or floating out on the lake with a coffee in the morning,” McDowell says. “It’s such an easy boat to paddle.”

Dyer’s most popular touring kayaks (a.k.a. sea kayaks) are in the 14- to 15-foot range. These models are longer and narrower than recreational kayaks—and therefore faster and somewhat less stable—reflecting the interests of more adventurous paddlers wishing to explore larger bodies of water, such as the Great Lakes. The Delta 15.5 is popular for Georgian Bay weekend camping trips. (The shorter Delta 14 has less volume and is easier to control if you’re primarily interested in day trips.) British Columbia-built Delta kayaks are popular for their thermoform plastic construction, a glossy laminate that’s lighter than both rotomolded polyethylene kayaks (such as the Pungo 125) and fibreglass, with a price point right in between. (The Delta 15.5 weighs 49 pounds.) This sleek material won’t withstand being dragged along the ground or dropped on hard surfaces as well as other plastics, says Dyer, “but we’ve been renting them for years and never had a major issue.”

The persuasions of Bob Putnam, the co-owner of Deep Cove Canoe & Kayak in North Vancouver, often steer him to make a different kayak recommendation or new paddlers. Putnam—who calls himself a “fitness freak”—likes to remind his customers that recreational boats are slow and inefficient compared to sleeker touring and fitness kayaks. He inquires about their other interests in outdoor sports. If they like road cycling and cross-country skiing, Putnam says, “they’re often best in a high-performance kayak.”

For Putnam, the 14.5-foot Epic 14X strikes a nice blend of speed, comfort, and safety. Most high-performance kayaks are 17 feet long or more; this model is sportier and far less cumbersome to maneuver for novices. Made of a high-tech mosaic of fibreglass, Kevlar, and carbon, it’s responsive yet reasonably stable, Putnam says. A foot-operated rudder adds directional control. “Inside the cockpit there’s a fixed footboard with hinged rudder-control pedals on top,” he says. “The paddler can engage their legs while paddling, allowing them to use bigger muscle groups to generate power.”

 

Sit-On-Top Kayaks

These kayaks don’t have cockpits, so they’re easier to clamber on and off and won’t flood with water if they capsize. Recreational sit-on-tops look like surfboards. The Ocean Kayak Malibu 11.5 is super stable, easy to paddle (but relatively slow), and makes a great inexpensive, durable, beginner- and kid-friendly boat for use on cottage lakes when the water’s warm in the summer months. Putnam’s favourite sit-on-tops, meanwhile, are surf skis. These fast, torpedo-shaped kayaks are popular for racing in coastal areas. He recommends the rotomoulded plastic Epic V5, which is comparable to the sit-inside Epic 14X, as a solid beginner model. 

 

Five Things to Remember Before You Buy

 Aim for “just enough” 

Consider how you’ll use the kayak and where you’re most likely to go paddling. “Some folks imagine themselves in a sleek, expedition hull doing longer trips,” says Tim Dyer. “But the truth is they’re only going to be day paddling. Purchasing a longer, bigger boat to accommodate the camping dream means you end up with a boat that’s way more than you need.”

 Take a test paddle if you can 

At White Squall, Dyer insists customers go for a test paddle. “Engage with the boat in all the little ways,” says Dyer. “Carry it to the water, try getting in and out, and learn the adjustments. It’s all a learning experience while you discover the attributes of a boat.” Of course, it’s not always possible to go for a test paddle. No matter where you’re shopping, take a moment to sit in the kayak to see how it feels: brace your legs in the cockpit; tweak the seat and footrests; and then get hands-on with some of the other features, like hatches and rudder. “You’ll know pretty quickly if it’s comfortable,” says Kelly McDowell. 

Lighter is better (but more expensive) 

Like most sporting equipment, a lightweight kayak (usually constructed from composite materials) will perform better than a heavy one. “The lighter the boat, the longer, faster, and further you can go,” says Dyer. “Your muscles will thank you, and the enjoyment dividend goes up.”

Floatation is key 

Most kayak-related near-drownings and drownings have two common elements: the paddler wasn’t wearing a PFD, and the kayak lacked proper floatation. Your kayak is a serious liability if you capsize offshore and it starts to sink. You can purchase air bags to stuff into cheap recreational kayaks. Better yet, McDowell says, is to choose a kayak with a bulkhead that creates a watertight chamber within the hull. Touring kayaks with bulkheads fore and aft of the cockpit allow trained paddlers to perform rescues with such a kayak on open water, making it a far safer choice if you want to paddle offshore.

It pays to take some lessons 

The first thing you should do after buying a kayak, says Bob Putnam, is to sign up for a paddling course. Paddle Canada offers one- and two-day introductory kayaking courses in all parts of the country. You’ll learn proper posture, efficient paddling strokes, and rescue techniques.