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La marine américaine a maintenant encerclé le Venezuela

Le président américain Donald Trump a ordonné un « blocus total et complet » de tous les pétroliers sanctionnés par les États-Unis qui entrent ou sortent du Venezuela, renforçant ainsi la pression sur le gouvernement du président vénézuélien Nicolás Maduro. L’ordre de Trump intervient après des semaines d’escalade des tensions militaires dans la mer des Caraïbes et quatre mois de frappes aériennes américaines sur des navires au large des côtes vénézuéliennes. Le gouvernement américain prétend lutter contre le « narcoterrorisme ».

Détails du blocus

ANKARA, TURQUIE – 17 DÉCEMBRE : Une infographie intitulée « Le président américain Trump ordonne un blocus total des pétroliers sanctionnés entrant ou sortant du Venezuela » créée à Ankara, en Turquie, le 17 décembre 2025. (Photo par Murat Usubali/Anadolu via Getty Images)

Le blocus vise à étouffer la principale source de revenus du Venezuela : les exportations de pétrole. L’économie vénézuélienne dépend fortement des exportations de pétrole pour ses revenus, et le blocus américain réduit les expéditions de pétrole vers les marchés internationaux, ce qui pourrait paralyser l’économie du pays et affaiblir l’emprise de Maduro sur le pouvoir. Les critiques qualifient le blocus d’acte de guerre manifeste et remettent en question sa légalité.

Le blocus est constitué de 12 navires de guerre américains, avec à leur tête l’USS Gerald Ford, le plus grand porte-avions du monde. Il y a également un petit nombre d’autres navires de soutien. Parmi eux, les destroyers à missiles guidés USS Winston S. Churchill, USS Bainbridge, USS Mahan, les croiseurs USS Lake Erie et USS Gettysburg, ainsi que les navires amphibies USS Iwo Jima, USS San Antonio et USS Fort Lauderdale. De 30 à 50 avions américains sont également déployés dans la région, dont des F-18, des F-35 et des drones militaires de la série P.

La saisie par les États-Unis d’un pétrolier vénézuélien au début du mois est un exemple de la manière dont le blocus fonctionnera, les forces militaires américaines montant à bord du navire et en prenant le contrôle. Le navire a été saisi en vertu d’un mandat fédéral et détenu dans l’attente d’une procédure judiciaire, ce qui a interrompu le transport de sa cargaison de pétrole brut. Les forces américaines continueront très probablement à maintenir un haut niveau de préparation dans la zone, en faisant tourner les navires et les avions selon les besoins, pendant que le président Trump s’occupera de l’impact diplomatique mondial de ses actions.

Commentaires de Trump

Dans un long message publié sur Truth Social, Donald Trump a annoncé que le Venezuela était « complètement encerclé par la plus grande armada jamais vue » et que le blocus « ne fera que s’amplifier » et que le choc pour le Venezuela sera comme « rien qu’ils n’aient jamais vu ». Cela ressemble certainement à un acte de guerre manifeste. Trump continue de qualifier Maduro d’« illégitime », ce sur quoi les experts des deux bords s’accordent. Maduro a perdu les élections vénézuéliennes en juin de l’année dernière, et le Venezuela l’a prouvé avec sa propre technologie de sondage. Malgré cette défaite, Maduro est toujours au pouvoir et a refusé de démissionner. Les données des sondages ont montré que Maduro n’a obtenu que 30 % des voix vénézuéliennes, contre 67 % pour l’opposition. Non seulement Maduro a perdu, mais il s’agit d’une défaite écrasante. Si les défenseurs des droits de l’homme souhaitent également l’éviction de Maduro, la manière dont Donald Trump s’y prend remet en question la légalité de ses actions.

Depuis septembre, Trump mène ce que de nombreux experts des droits de l’homme qualifient de frappes aériennes illégales au nom de la lutte contre le narcoterrorisme. Il a accusé à plusieurs reprises le Venezuela de soutenir les cartels dans la contrebande de drogue vers les États-Unis. Les États-Unis ont tué plus de 100 personnes depuis septembre et n’ont fourni aucune preuve concrète que ces navires transportaient effectivement de la drogue. Le Venezuela a tenu une réunion d’urgence mercredi concernant le blocus américain.

Annulée ou renouvelée? Landman, Platonic et plus!

Cancelled or renewed? Landman, Platonic and more!

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The US Navy has surrounded Venezuela: Blockade Map

U.S. President Donald Trump has ordered a “total and complete blockade” of all U.S.-sanctioned oil tankers entering or leaving Venezuela, adding pressure to Venezuelan President Nicolás Maduro’s government. The order from Trump comes after weeks of escalating military tension in the Caribbean Sea, and four months of US air strikes on vessels off the coast of Venezuela. The US government claims to be fighting ‘narcoterrorism’.

Details of the blockade

ANKARA, TURKIYE – DECEMBER 17: An infographic titled « US President Trump orders total blockade of sanctioned oil tankers entering or leaving Venezuela » created in Ankara, Turkiye on December 17, 2025. (Photo by Murat Usubali/Anadolu via Getty Images)

The blockade is meant to stifle Venezuela’s main source of income: oil exports. The Venezuelan economy depends heavily on oil exports for its revenue, and the US blockade squeezes oil shipments to international markets, potentially crippling the country’s economy and weakening Maduro’s grasp on power. Critics are calling the blockade an overt act of war and are questioning its legality.

The blockade consists of 12 U.S. warships, led by the USS Gerald Ford, the largest aircraft carrier in the world. There is also a smattering of other supporting vessels. Amongst them are guided‑missile destroyers USS Winston S. Churchill, USS Bainbridge, USS Mahan, cruisers USS Lake Erie and USS Gettysburg, and amphibious ships USS Iwo Jima, USS San Antonio and USS Fort Lauderdale. There are also 30-50 US aircraft deployed in the area, including F-18s, F-35s and P-series military drones.

Venezuela is completely surrounded by the largest Armada ever assembled in the History of South America. It will only get bigger, and the shock to them will be like nothing they have ever seen before

The U.S.’s seizure of a Venezuelan oil tanker earlier this month is an example of how the blockade will operate, with US military forces boarding and seizing control of the vessel. The vessel was taken under the authority of a federal warrant and detained pending legal proceedings, halting the movement of its cargo of crude oil. US forces will most likely continue to maintain high readiness in the area, rotating vessels and aircraft as needed, while President Trump deals with the global diplomatic impact of his actions.

Trumps comments

In a lengthy post on Truth Social, Trump announced that Venezuela was “completely surrounded by the largest Armada ever.” And that the blockade will “only get bigger” and that the shock to Venezuela will be like “nothing they have ever seen”. It certainly seems like an overt act of war. Trump continues to call Maduro “illegitimate,” something that experts across both sides of the aisle agree on. Maduro lost the Venezuelan election in June of last year, and Venezuela proved it with its own polling technology. Regardless of the loss, Maduro is still in power and has refused to step down. Polling data has found that Maduro only won 30% of the Venezuelan vote, compared to the oppositions 67%. Not only did Maduro lose, but it was a landslide loss. While human rights activists also want Maduro ousted, the way that Donald Trump is doing it brings into question the legality of his actions.

Since September, Trump has been carrying out what many human rights experts call illegal airstrikes in the name of fighting narcoterrorism. Trump has repeatedly accused Venezuela of supporting cartels in smuggling drugs into the US. The US has killed more than 100 people since September, and has not provided concrete proof that these vessels were actually carrying drugs. Venezuela held an emergency meeting on Wednesday regarding the US’s blockade.

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Greene wants Trump to show empathy

In an interview with CNN, Marjorie Taylor Greene made a slew of critical comments about US President Donald Trump and the Republican Party as a whole. The interview comes after Trump has attacked Greene over interview and via Truth Social, leading to Greene receiving death threats from the MAGA-verse. Greene also announced her retirement from Congress in late November. In the wide-ranging interview with CNN reporter Kaitlan Collins, Greene is asked about her relationship with Donald Trump, the state of the Republican party, and what Donald Trump needs to do next.

The interview began with Greene criticizing Trump’s comments on the recent murder of Hollywood director Rob Reiner and his wife, Michele. The Reiners were found dead in their home by their daughter, and their son Nick was criminally charged with their murders. Trump claimed that the Reiners were killed because of Rob’s dislike of Donald Trump, with the President claiming it was ‘Trump Derangement Syndrome’ that did them in. When asked about the statement, Greene claimed that it was “absolutely completely below the office of the president of the United States, classless, it was just wrong.” She continued to say that the President should have responded with compassion, and the statement was “below what we expect our president to talk like.” Later in the interview, Greene said that she would like to see Trump show empathy for Americans.

Later, when asked about the affordability crisis, Greene was critical of right-media and the Republican party, stating that while CNN has been talking about affordability, Fox News refused to until, “Republicans got crushed in that election not too long ago.” According to Greene, only then was “Fox News all of a sudden willing to talk about affordability.” She also criticized Trump’s comments, claiming the affordability crisis was a hoax, citing the irony of a billionaire telling working-class Americans that everything is affordable. Greene said Trump’s statements on the state of inflation in America were “not true”.

‘I think the dam is breaking’

WASHINGTON, DC – NOVEMBER 18: U.S. Rep. Thomas Massie (R-KY) (C) speaks alongside U.S. Rep. Ro Khanna (D-CA) (L) and Rep. Marjorie Taylor Greene (R-GA) during a news conference on the Epstein Files Transparency Act outside the U.S. Capitol on November 18, 2025 in Washington, DC. The House is expected to vote today on the legislation, which instructs the U.S. Department of Justice to release all files related to the late accused sex trafficker Jeffrey Epstein. (Photo by Heather Diehl/Getty Images)

Collin’s spent a good chunk of the nearly 15-minute interview asking about Republicans’ willingness to go against Trump, especially after the backlash Greene has received directly from the president. Greene claimed that when it comes to going against Trump, “the dam is breaking”. She went on to explain that last week, “13 Republicans voted with Democrats to overturn one of President Trump’s executive orders, which enabled him to fire federal workers.” Greene cited the election season and souring voter numbers as reasons for the GOP unhappiness, and said that the 8-week government shutdown has hurt the Republican party’s favorability amongst voters. Greene continued to mention how “lame duck season” is starting, as Republicans gear up for midterm elections. According to Greene, “I think the midterms are going to be very hard for republicans. I don’t see Republicans winning the midterms right now.”

That is a sign, Republicans, they’re entering the campaign phase for 2026, which is a large signal that lame duck season has begun and that Republicans will go all in for themselves in order to save their own re-elections.

According to Greene, the message is being received by Trump that Republicans are struggling in the polls and are dissatisfied with some of Trump’s decisions, right before outlining her voting record with Trump (97%). 

What Trump needs to do next

WASHINGTON, DC – DECEMBER 17: U.S. President Donald Trump addresses the nation from the Diplomatic Room of the White House on December 17, 2025 in Washington, DC. White House press secretary Karoline Leavitt said Trump would be « addressing the country about all of his historic accomplishments over the past year, and maybe teasing some policy that will be coming in the new year, as well. » (Photo by Doug Mills – Pool/Getty Images)

Greene also gave Trump tips for the rest of his presidency; clearly, she also sees his historic disapproval rating and hears the cries of the GOP; I’m sure she has social media. Greene was straight up when asked what Donald Trump needs to do, stating that “he needs to keep Air Force One parked in the hangar,” referencing he needs to stop what she calls a “revolving door of foreign leaders into the White House”. She was also critical of his recent meeting with Syrian President Ahmed al-Sharaa, once labelled a “specially designated global terrorist,” and now an honoured guest in Donald Trump’s White House. Greene said that Trump, “needs to stop embracing al-Qaida ISIS terrorists who were once wanted by the us who are now president.”

Greene claims that Trump “needs to focus on the American economy that he promised his voters,” an economy that Trump claims is doing perfectly fine. With Marjorie Taylor Greene announcing her retirement from Congress and announcing her new engagement on Monday, it looks like one of MAGA’s most popular faces is finally putting politics behind her.  

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Greene wants Trump to show empathy

In an interview with CNN, Marjorie Taylor Greene made a slew of critical comments about US President Donald Trump and the Republican Party as a whole. The interview comes after Trump has attacked Greene over interview and via Truth Social, leading to Greene receiving death threats from the MAGA-verse. Greene also announced her retirement from Congress in late November. In the wide-ranging interview with CNN reporter Kaitlan Collins, Greene is asked about her relationship with Donald Trump, the state of the Republican party, and what Donald Trump needs to do next.

The interview began with Greene criticizing Trump’s comments on the recent murder of Hollywood director Rob Reiner and his wife, Michele. The Reiners were found dead in their home by their daughter, and their son Nick was criminally charged with their murders. Trump claimed that the Reiners were killed because of Rob’s dislike of Donald Trump, with the President claiming it was ‘Trump Derangement Syndrome’ that did them in. When asked about the statement, Greene claimed that it was “absolutely completely below the office of the president of the United States, classless, it was just wrong.” She continued to say that the President should have responded with compassion, and the statement was “below what we expect our president to talk like.” Later in the interview, Greene said that she would like to see Trump show empathy for Americans.

Later, when asked about the affordability crisis, Greene was critical of right-media and the Republican party, stating that while CNN has been talking about affordability, Fox News refused to until, “Republicans got crushed in that election not too long ago.” According to Greene, only then was “Fox News all of a sudden willing to talk about affordability.” She also criticized Trump’s comments, claiming the affordability crisis was a hoax, citing the irony of a billionaire telling working-class Americans that everything is affordable. Greene said Trump’s statements on the state of inflation in America were “not true”.

‘I think the dam is breaking’

WASHINGTON, DC – NOVEMBER 18: U.S. Rep. Thomas Massie (R-KY) (C) speaks alongside U.S. Rep. Ro Khanna (D-CA) (L) and Rep. Marjorie Taylor Greene (R-GA) during a news conference on the Epstein Files Transparency Act outside the U.S. Capitol on November 18, 2025 in Washington, DC. The House is expected to vote today on the legislation, which instructs the U.S. Department of Justice to release all files related to the late accused sex trafficker Jeffrey Epstein. (Photo by Heather Diehl/Getty Images)

Collin’s spent a good chunk of the nearly 15-minute interview asking about Republicans’ willingness to go against Trump, especially after the backlash Greene has received directly from the president. Greene claimed that when it comes to going against Trump, “the dam is breaking”. She went on to explain that last week, “13 Republicans voted with Democrats to overturn one of President Trump’s executive orders, which enabled him to fire federal workers.” Greene cited the election season and souring voter numbers as reasons for the GOP unhappiness, and said that the 8-week government shutdown has hurt the Republican party’s favorability amongst voters. Greene continued to mention how “lame duck season” is starting, as Republicans gear up for midterm elections. According to Greene, “I think the midterms are going to be very hard for republicans. I don’t see Republicans winning the midterms right now.”

That is a sign, Republicans, they’re entering the campaign phase for 2026, which is a large signal that lame duck season has begun and that Republicans will go all in for themselves in order to save their own re-elections.

According to Greene, the message is being received by Trump that Republicans are struggling in the polls and are dissatisfied with some of Trump’s decisions, right before outlining her voting record with Trump (97%). 

What Trump needs to do next

WASHINGTON, DC – DECEMBER 17: U.S. President Donald Trump addresses the nation from the Diplomatic Room of the White House on December 17, 2025 in Washington, DC. White House press secretary Karoline Leavitt said Trump would be « addressing the country about all of his historic accomplishments over the past year, and maybe teasing some policy that will be coming in the new year, as well. » (Photo by Doug Mills – Pool/Getty Images)

Greene also gave Trump tips for the rest of his presidency; clearly, she also sees his historic disapproval rating and hears the cries of the GOP; I’m sure she has social media. Greene was straight up when asked what Donald Trump needs to do, stating that “he needs to keep Air Force One parked in the hangar,” referencing he needs to stop what she calls a “revolving door of foreign leaders into the White House”. She was also critical of his recent meeting with Syrian President Ahmed al-Sharaa, once labelled a “specially designated global terrorist,” and now an honoured guest in Donald Trump’s White House. Greene said that Trump, “needs to stop embracing al-Qaida ISIS terrorists who were once wanted by the us who are now president.”

Greene claims that Trump “needs to focus on the American economy that he promised his voters,” an economy that Trump claims is doing perfectly fine. With Marjorie Taylor Greene announcing her retirement from Congress and announcing her new engagement on Monday, it looks like one of MAGA’s most popular faces is finally putting politics behind her.  

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Trump Media: $6 Billion Deal to Merge With Nuclear Fusion Firm

According to Reuters, Trump Media & Technology Group, the parent company of the Truth Social platform, said it has agreed to an all-stock merger with TAE Technologies in a transaction valued at about $6 billion, a pivot that would fold the social-media business into a broader holding company betting on nuclear fusion and power demand tied to AI data centers. The announcement lands as Trump Media remains deeply unprofitable: the company has posted continuing losses and reported a $54.8 million net loss in the third quarter ended September, while generating revenue of roughly $972,900 for that quarter, largely from advertising. The stock has also been under heavy pressure in 2025, with Reuters reporting it was down nearly 70% for the year before the merger news lifted shares in early trading.

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The proposed merger stands out as highly unusual, marking an abrupt and unconventional pivot for a company best known for operating a politically aligned social media platform into one of the most speculative and capital-intensive corners of the global energy sector. By seeking to merge with a nuclear fusion firm, Trump Media appears to be positioning itself to ride what many in Silicon Valley and Washington increasingly view as the next strategic bottleneck of the A.I. boom: electricity. If completed, the transaction would create one of the world’s first publicly traded nuclear fusion companies, with the combined group planning to develop what it describes as a “utility-scale fusion power plant” and aiming to bring first power online in the early 2030s, a timeline that reflects both the ambition and uncertainty surrounding commercial fusion. The move suggests a bet that soaring demand from A.I. data centers will make access to vast, stable and carbon-free energy sources a defining advantage, even as fusion remains an unproven technology at scale. Framing the deal as a transformational leap rather than a financial turnaround, Devin Nunes, the chief executive of Trump Media, said: « Fusion power will be the most dramatic energy breakthrough since the onset of commercial nuclear energy in the 1950s ».

Global electricity demand

The logic behind the Trump Media–TAE bet taps into a broader, fast-intensifying constraint: power. In the U.S., data centers already account for roughly 4% of total electricity use, and multiple forecasts expect demand to climb sharply as AI workloads expand, pushing utilities to rethink generation and grid capacity on timelines that often lag permitting and construction realities. That looming squeeze is also showing up in the political debate, with lawmakers warning that rapid data-center buildouts could translate into higher household bills and contentious cost-sharing arrangements between tech firms and local utilities. In that context, Bill Gates has argued that the AI rush is fundamentally a power story as much as a software story, saying: « The AI people are chasing some mind-blowing profit streams », while warning the surge could lift global electricity demand by as much as 10% and create supply-chain and permitting bottlenecks. The bridge to this merger is straightforward: fusion is being sold as the kind of always-on, utility-scale energy source that could feed data centers at a scale renewables and grids may struggle to match quickly, even though the underlying technology remains experimental and the timelines extend well beyond today’s AI boom.

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Trump Media and TAE Technologies are presenting the transaction as a near-equal merger rather than an acquisition, a structure that underscores how far Trump Media is stretching beyond its original business. According to Reuters and the Associated Press, shareholders of Trump Media & Technology Group and shareholders of TAE are each expected to own roughly 50 percent of the combined company once the all-stock deal is completed, effectively placing the Truth Social parent and the nuclear fusion firm on the same footing. The arrangement would fold Trump Media’s social media, streaming and crypto activities into a much broader group centered on energy and advanced technology, while allowing existing Trump Media investors to retain a direct stake in the future of TAE’s fusion ambitions. The structure also reflects the balance of risk embedded in the deal, pairing a publicly traded but loss-making media company with a privately held fusion developer whose commercial prospects remain uncertain and long term.

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Trump Insults Past Presidents With New Plaques on Presidential Walk of Fame

Since the start of his second term, Trump has reshaped parts of the White House to reflect his own political narrative, including the creation of what he calls the Presidential Walk of Fame. Unveiled several months earlier, the installation features a corridor lined with portraits of former presidents of the United States, presented as a visual sequence of the office’s history. The display drew attention for a jarring exception: Joe Biden was left out and replaced with an image of an autopen, a move that read as a direct provocation. Trump has now escalated that approach by adding descriptive plaques beneath the portraits, extending the concept beyond imagery and turning the corridor into a more pointed set of messages about past presidents.

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White House press secretary Karoline Leavitt publicly embraced the confrontational tone of the new plaques, saying in a statement that «many were written directly by the President himself», confirming that Donald Trump personally authored part of the language now displayed beneath the portraits. A brief look at the inscriptions makes that authorship immediately apparent, as the plaques abandon any pretense of neutrality in favor of blunt political attacks and self-praise. Joe Biden is labeled with familiar epithets such as «Sleepy» and «Crooked», Barack Obama is described as «one of the most divisive» figures to hold the office, while Trump’s own entry veers sharply in the opposite direction, praising his presidency as delivering «the Greatest Economy in the History».

Joe Biden

Beneath the image of an autopen used to stand in for Joe Biden’s presidency, the plaque delivers one of the display’s harshest attacks, declaring: «Sleepy Joe Biden was, by far, the worst President in American History.» It goes on to accuse Biden of «Taking office as a result of the most corrupt Election ever seen in the United States» and of having taken «our Nation to the Brink of destruction.», while listing as supposed hallmarks of his tenure the «Green New Scam» and the «Afghanistan Disaster». The text also claims he allowed «21 million people from all over the world» to enter the country, including people «from prisons, jails, mental institutions, and insane asylums.». It further assigns blame to Biden for Russia’s invasion of Ukraine and for the Hamas terrorist attack on Israel, extending the plaque’s scope from domestic policy insults into sweeping allegations about global events.

Under the plaque, Trump extends his vengeful spite against Biden by insisting he was known as «Sleepy» and «Crooked», and by claiming he was controlled by his «Radical Left Handlers», who, along with their «Fake News Media» allies, «cover up his severe mental decline and his unprecedented use of the Autopen». The text also accuses Biden of having «weaponized Law Enforcement against his political opponent», before ending with a triumphant flourish that shifts the focus back to Trump himself: «President Trump would ger Re-Elected in a Landslide, and SAVE AMERICA!».

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Trump’s insults do not spare Barack Obama, whose plaque adopts the same confrontational tone that runs through the entire installation. Obama is described as «one of the most divisive political figures in American History.», with the text deliberately using the name «Barack Hussein Obama», a formulation long favored by Trump and his allies. The plaque also takes aim at Obama’s signature domestic achievement, dismissing health care reform as the «highly ineffective ‘Unaffordable Care Act.», reducing a landmark policy to a line of derision. Bill Clinton is treated with comparatively less venom, though not without a jab, with his presidency briefly summed up as being marked by «scandals that plagued his presidency.». Even there, however, the plaque quickly shifts away from Clinton himself to highlight Trump’s own political victory, concluding with the assertion that «In 2016, President Clinton’s wife, Hillary Clinton, lost the Presidency to President Donald J. Trump!», once again turning a supposed historical display into a vehicle for personal triumph and grievance.

The Greatest Economy in the History

Trump also takes aim at several other presidents, using the plaques to replay old grievances while elevating his own record. George W. Bush is blamed for having «started wars in Afghanistan and Iraq, both of which should not have happened», while John F. Kennedy’s plaque highlights a «painful setback» tied to the «failed Bay of Pigs Invasion.». Even Ronald Reagan is drafted into the narrative in service of Trump, with a plaque claiming Reagan was «a fan of President Donald J. Trump long before» Trump ever entered office. Trump then reserves his most expansive praise for himself across his two portraits, calling his presidency «the Greatest Economy in the History», describing his 2016 Electoral College result of 304-227 as a «landslide.», and pointing to his popular-vote victory in 2024 as another marker of political legitimacy and vindication.

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Succès du lancement de satellites par l’Agence Spatiale Européenne

Le mercredi 17 décembre 2025 à 2h01 heure locale (5h01 GMT), Arianespace a réussi le lancement de deux satellites de la mission Galileo L14 depuis le port spatial européen Kourou, en Guyane française. Le but de cette mission est de venir agrandir le nombre de satellites de la constellation Galileo (contenant maintenant 34 satellites), qui est un système européen de navigation par satellite, équivalent du GPS américain. L’ajout de ces deux satellites va principalement permettre d’accroître « la précision, la disponibilité et la robustesse du système mondial de navigation par satellite de l’Union Européenne », selon Arianespace.

The European Space Agency (ESA) Ariane 6 rocket carrying two Galileo satellites for the the EU’s Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) launches at the Guiana Space Centre in Kourou, on the French overseas department of Guiana, on December 17, 2025. (Photo by Ronan LIETAR / AFP via Getty Images)

Les deux satellites SAT33 et SAT34, mis en orbite terrestre à une altitude d’environ 23000 km, sont des appareils de nouvelle génération, permettant d’offrir une géolocalisation civile précise et indépendante des systèmes américains. Au delà des services civiles, le programme Galileo s’étend également à de nombreux domaines comme les transports maritimes et aériens, mais encore dans le cadre d’opérations de secours ou sauvetage. De plus, la constellation Galileo a aussi un rôle de surveillance environnementale comme la surveillance de failles sismiques, de volcan ou encore pour améliorer des prévisions météorologiques.

PRODUCTION – 18 November 2025, Bremen: Employees work on an intertank structure of the upper stage of an Ariane 6 launcher at the ArianeGroup plant. Ariane 6 is a European launcher in the Ariane series, which is designed for transporting heavy payloads into geostationary transfer orbits, among other things. It was developed by the industrial group ArianeGroup on behalf of ESA. The upper stage of the launcher is built and integrated at ArianeGroup’s Bremen site. Photo: Hauke-Christian Dittrich/dpa (Photo by Hauke-Christian Dittrich/picture alliance via Getty Images)

Pour Arianespace, ce nouveau succès du lancement d’Ariane 6 illustre l’avancée et le renforcement de la puissance européenne dans le domaine aérospatial. Pour rappel, Ariane 6 est le lanceur européen de nouvelle génération, conçu pour répondre aux besoins actuels et futurs de l’Europe en matière d’accès à l’espace. Il s’agit d’un lanceur de moyenne à forte puissance, composé de trois éléments principaux : les propulseurs d’appoint, l’étage central et l’étage supérieur. Modulables et polyvalents, ces composants permettent de s’affranchir de la gravité terrestre et de s’adapter à une grande variété de missions, allant de la mise en orbite basse jusqu’aux missions vers l’espace lointain. Toni Tolker-Nielsen, directeur du transport spatial à l’Agence Spatiale Européenne (ESA) déclare notamment que cette mission marque une clôture remarquable de l’année 2025 pour l’Europe : c’est le premier lancement à mettre en orbite deux grands satellites en un seul vol.

(L-R) The Director of European Business at Thales Alenia Space France Yvan Baillion, the CEO of Thales Alenia Space Italy Giampiero di Paolo, ESA’s Director of Human and Robotic Exploration Daniel Neuenschwander, CEO of OHB System AG Chiara Pedersoli, CEO of Thales Alenia Space UK Richard Thorburn and Vice President of Nammo Space Rob Selby attend a press conference following the signing of contracts on the future lunar lander Argonaut, on November 20, 2025 in Cologne. (Photo by INA FASSBENDER / AFP) (Photo by INA FASSBENDER/AFP via Getty Images)

La mise en orbite de ces deux nouveaux satellites permet de remplacer des satellites plus anciens, dont la durée de vie est estimée à environ douze ans. Jusqu’à présent, les satellites du programme Galileo étaient lancés à l’aide d’Ariane 5 ainsi que des fusées russes Soyouz. Cependant, les tensions géopolitiques entre l’Union européenne et la Russie, notamment à la suite de l’invasion de l’Ukraine et de l’arrêt de la coopération autour du lanceur Soyouz en 2022, ont privé l’Agence spatiale européenne (ESA) d’un accès autonome à l’espace pendant plusieurs mois. Face à cette situation, l’ESA s’est tournée vers des solutions alternatives en faisant appel à des entreprises privées, comme SpaceX, qui a notamment lancé deux satellites Galileo en septembre 2024 à bord d’une fusée Falcon 9, en attendant la mise en service opérationnelle d’Ariane 6.

COLORADO SPRINGS, COLORADO – APRIL 05: (L-R) Stéphane Israël, CEO of Arianespace, Tory Bruno, President and CEO of United Launch Alliance, Bob Smith, CEO of Blue Origin and Dave Limp, Senior Vice President, Amazon Devices & Services attend a Q&A on the launch of Project Kuiper Satellite Constellation April 05, 2022 in Colorado Springs, Colorado. (Photo by Tom Cooper/Getty Images for Amazon)

En 2025, Arianespace aura donc réalisé quatre lancements commerciaux d’Ariane 6 réussis avec en début d’année, le lancement d’un satellite militaire, à l’été, un engin météorologique et le 4 novembre dernier, un satellite Sentinel-1D pour le programme européen d’observation de la Terre Copernicus. Arianespace a pour objectif en 2026 de doubler son nombre de lancement avec notamment, l’utilisation d’un nouveau lanceur, Ariane 64, dotée de quatre propulseurs d’appoint.

Cette prochaine mission, prévue durant le premier trimestre 2026, permettra la mise en orbite des satellites de la constellation à haut débit, nommée Project Kuiper, de la société Amazon Leo. Ce projet d’envergure, de la société fondée par Jeff Bezos, a pour but la mise en orbite basses de 3236 satellites, afin de fournir aux consommateurs, un accès internet haut débit, fiable et à faible latence dans le monde entier. Sur une trentaine de lancement concerné par ce projet, Arianespace a signé un accord de 18 lancements avec Amazon Leo, ce qui représente le plus gros contrat de l’histoire d’Arianespace.

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Et le mot de l’année 2025 est…

Le dictionnaire Merriam-Webster a choisi le mot « slop » comme mot de l’année 2025.

Traduit comme « contenu dégénératif », ce terme désigne des contenus numériques médiocres, absurdes ou trompeurs, générés en grande quantité par des outils d’intelligence artificielle (IA). Il peut s’agir de vidéos irréalistes, d’images publicitaires étranges, de fausses informations convaincantes, de livres numériques bâclés ou encore de publications répétitives sans réelle valeur informative.

Malgré leur faible qualité, ces contenus envahissent les réseaux sociaux et les plateformes en ligne.

AUSTIN, TEXAS – JANUARY 11: In a photo illustration, a Merriam-Webster’s dictionary is seen placed on a lawn on January 11, 2024 in Austin, Texas. The Escambia County, Florida school district is facing a federal lawsuit after removing copies of dictionaries, encyclopedias and various other books containing « sexual conduct. » The school district decision comes after officials ruled in accordance with a law signed by Florida Gov. Ron DeSantis, which restricts access to information containing sexual conduct in the Florida educational system. (Photo Illustration by Brandon Bell/Getty Images)

Ce choix est révélateur d’un phénomène de plus en plus visible sur Internet: la prolifération de contenus numériques de faible qualité, souvent produits en masse à l’aide de l’IA.

À l’origine, le mot slop signifiait « boue molle » au XVIIIᵉ siècle, avant de désigner au XIXᵉ siècle des déchets alimentaires ou, plus généralement, quelque chose de sans valeur. Son sens moderne s’inscrit donc dans la continuité de cette idée de contenu « jetable ».

La montée en puissance de l’intelligence artificielle générative a largement contribué à l’explosion du slop. Des outils capables de produire textes, images ou vidéos à partir de simples instructions sont désormais accessibles à tous. S’ils peuvent être utilisés de manière créative et positive, ils servent aussi à produire rapidement des contenus sensationnalistes, trompeurs ou inutiles, dans le but de générer de l’engagement ou de diffuser des messages idéologiques. Cette situation soulève de nombreuses inquiétudes, notamment en matière de désinformation, de deepfakes et de droits d’auteur. Certains contenus générés par IA imitent des personnes réelles, y compris des personnalités publiques ou décédées, brouillant la frontière entre le vrai et le faux.

AUSTIN, TEXAS – JANUARY 11: A Merriam-Webster’s dictionary is displayed for sale at a Barnes & Noble store on January 11, 2024 in Austin, Texas. The Escambia county, Florida school district is facing a federal lawsuit after removing copies of dictionaries, encyclopedias and various other books containing « sexual conduct. » The school district decision comes after officials ruled in accordance with a law signed by Florida Gov. Ron DeSantis, which restricts access to information containing sexual conduct in the Florida educational system. (Photo by Brandon Bell/Getty Images)

Malgré sa connotation négative, le mot slop traduit aussi une prise de conscience collective.

Selon les responsables de Merriam-Webster, l’augmentation des recherches autour de ce terme montre que les internautes deviennent plus critiques face aux contenus qu’ils consomment. Mettre un mot sur le problème, c’est déjà faire un premier pas vers sa compréhension.

En ce sens, slop envoie un message ironique à l’IA : si elle peut impressionner par sa rapidité et ses capacités techniques, elle ne remplace pas pour autant la créativité humaine et la réflexion critique.

Le succès du mot slop en 2025 reflète donc un moment charnière. Face à l’abondance de contenus générés automatiquement, les utilisateurs semblent exprimer un désir croissant pour des informations fiables, des créations originales et des productions humaines de qualité. À l’avenir, le véritable défi ne sera peut-être pas de produire toujours plus de contenus, mais de produire un contenu de meilleure qualité.